Co-seismic ruptures of the 12 May 2008, Ms 8.0 Wenchuan earthquake, Sichuan: East–west crustal shortening on oblique, parallel thrusts along the eastern edge of Tibet

Liu‐Zeng, Jing; Zhang, Z.; Liu, Wen; Tapponnier, Paul; Sun, Jianteng; Xing, Xiu‐Shuang; Hu, Guisheng; Xu, Qiang; Zeng, Lingsen; Ding, Lin; Ji, Chen; Hudnut, K. W.; Woerd, J. van der

doi:10.1016/j.epsl.2009.07.017

Cited by 292 publications

(249 citation statements)

References 67 publications

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“…Thrusting to the SE China Block occurs there according to geological data [17]. Field investigations immediately after the earthquake showed a strong horizontal shortening along the NW-dipping rupture with thrusting to south-east together with small dextral slipping [34].…”

Section: Interblock Zonesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Up-To-Date Geodynamics and Seismicity of Central Asia

Gatinsky¹,

Rundquist²,

Vladova³

et al. 2011

IJG

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The analysis of the seismicity in central Asia shows its distribution within a "triangle" of maximal inner-continental seismic activity, which is situated between south edge of the Lake Baikal and the Himalayas. The "triangle" coincides with the central Asian transit zone which divides the north Eurasian and Indian lithosphere plates and provides transfer and relaxation of tectonic stresses that arise between them. The central Asian transit zone consists of numerous crust blocks of different sizes. Blocks' boundaries are often represented by not only single faults but relatively wide interblock zones characterized by intensive shattering of rocks and releasing a significant quantity of the seismic energy. The most active interblock zones limited the Pamirs, Tien Shan, Shan, and Bayanhar blocks as well as north boundaries of the Indian Plate. The quantity of the seismic energy releasing along each of them reaches ≥ 5 × 10 15 J, while along other boundaries it doesn't exceed 3 × 10 12 -2 × 10 15 J. The majority of the most intensive seismic events took place just in these interblock zones. The total quantity of seismic energy is generally diminished away from the boundary of the Indian Plate, but sometimes the maximal quantity releases in inner parts of the transit zone at the distance 500-1500 km from the plate boundary. The most active interblock zones of central Asia differ from subduction and collision zones by depth of their penetration in lithosphere and at the same time are rather near to them by the volume of energy realizing. The examination of interblock zones shows that the majority of intensives earthquakes occur within them in regions with sharp changes of geodynamic conditions. On the whole the most part of central Asia is situated under the influence of the Indian indenter, which causes the prevailing of transpression tectonics. An abnormal high seismic energy releasing depends of deep continuation of the plate slab in collision zones (Pamirs, Himalayas), intensive displacements along strike-slips and thrusts due to collision processes and deep lithosphere unhomogeneity (Tien Shan, Bayanhar), as well as of sharp changes of geodynamic conditions because of influence of plate movement and supposed mantle plumes (north Mongolia, the Baikal region).

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Section: Interblock Zonesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Up-To-Date Geodynamics and Seismicity of Central Asia

Gatinsky¹,

Rundquist²,

Vladova³

et al. 2011

IJG

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“…The Longmen Shan Thrust Belt consists of three major fault systems: the Wenchuan-Maowen, Yingxiu-Beichuan, and Guanxian-Anxian fault systems [28,[36][37][38]. There is a consensus that the Yingxiu-Beichuan and Guanxian-Anxian faults are the seismogenic faults associated with the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake [16][17][18]. Numerous co-seismic landslides were triggered due to the co-seismic deformation and strong ground motion along the rupture zone [4,11,25,39,40], influencing the local erosion rate as well as the topographic evolution.…”

Section: Tectonic Settingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Due to the limitation of available data in previous studies, landslide volumes have typically been derived from landslide areas using statistical equations [4,[10][11][12][13]. Researchers also tried using the spaceborne interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR) [14] and remote sensing and digital terrain model (DTM) data [15] to evaluate mass wasting volume, but only concentrated on the giant Daguangbao [16][17][18]. The gray polygons indicate the landslide inventory (courtesy of Joshua West and Gen Li), and the yellow polygon indicates the area covered by the high-resolution DEM.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Thus, it is essential to understand the impact of erosion associated with landslides and earthquakes on long-term average erosion rates. The seismically-induced erosion could be considered as the mass balance of a strong earthquake, [16][17][18]. The gray polygons indicate the landslide inventory (courtesy of Joshua West and Gen Li), and the yellow polygon indicates the area covered by the high-resolution DEM.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Erosion Associated with Seismically-Induced Landslides in the Middle Longmen Shan Region, Eastern Tibetan Plateau, China

2017

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Abstract:The 2008 Wenchuan earthquake and associated co-seismic landslide was the most recent expression of the rapid deformation and erosion occurring in the eastern Tibetan Plateau. The erosion associated with co-seismic landslides balances the long-term tectonic uplift in the topographic evolution of the region; however, the quantitative relationship between earthquakes, uplift, and erosion is still unknown. In order to quantitatively distinguish the seismically-induced erosion in the total erosion, here, we quantify the Wenchuan earthquake-induced erosion using the digital elevation model (DEM) differential method and previously-reported landslide volumes. Our results show that the seismically-induced erosion is comparable with the pre-earthquake short-term erosion. The seismically-induced erosion rate contributes~50% of the total erosion rate, which suggests that the local topographic evolution of the middle Longmen Shan region may be closely related to tectonic events, such as the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake. We propose that seismically-induced erosion is a very important component of the total erosion, particularly in active orogenic regions. Our results demonstrate that the remote sensing technique of differential DEM provides a powerful tool for evaluating the volume of co-seismic landslides produced in intermountain regions by strong earthquakes.

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“…All measured displacements are thus attributed with high confidence to offset during (or after) the Hector Mine earthquake. (3) Mapping surface ruptures and measuring displacements using remote sensing data, especially in rugged and hard to reach areas, constituted an efficient alternative and supplement to field observations (e.g., Haeussler et al, 2004;Binet and Bollinger, 2005;Klinger et al, 2005;Liu-Zeng et al, 2009). However, in these approaches, airborne and satellite imagery are generally projected onto a 2D horizontal plane, and most of the elevationdimension information is lost.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fault‐Slip Distribution of the 1999M_w 7.1 Hector Mine Earthquake, California, Estimated from Postearthquake Airborne LiDAR Data

Chen¹,

Akciz²,

Hudnut³

et al. 2015

Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America

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The 16 October 1999 Hector Mine earthquake (M w 7.1) was the first large earthquake for which postearthquake airborne Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) data were collected to image the fault surface rupture. In this work, we present measurements of both vertical and horizontal slip along the entire surface rupture of this earthquake based on airborne LiDAR data acquired in April 2000. We examine the details of the along-fault slip distribution of this earthquake based on 255 horizontal and 85 vertical displacements using a 0.5 m digital elevation model derived from the LiDAR imagery. The slip measurements based on the LiDAR dataset are highest in the epicentral region, and taper in both directions, consistent with earlier findings by other works. The maximum dextral displacement measured from LiDAR imagery is 6:60 1:10 m, located about 700 m south of the highest field measurement (5:25 0:85 m). Our results also illustrate the difficulty in resolving displacements smaller than 1 m using LiDAR imagery alone. We analyze slip variation to see if it is affected by rock type and whether variations are statistically significant. This study demonstrates that a postearthquake airborne LiDAR survey can produce an along-fault horizontal and vertical offset distribution plot of a quality comparable to a reconnaissance field survey. Although LiDAR data can provide a higher sampling density and enable rapid data analysis for documenting slip distributions, we find that, relative to field methods, it has a limited ability to resolve slip that is distributed over several fault strands across a zone. We recommend a combined approach that merges field observation with LiDAR analysis, so that the best attributes of both quantitative topographic and geological insight are utilized in concert to make best estimates of offsets and their uncertainties.Online Material: Tables of LiDAR displacement measurements; slip distributions plots; Google Earth index files and locations where displacements were made; LiDAR data files, and access information to view screen captures of the displacement measurements.

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Co-seismic ruptures of the 12 May 2008, Ms 8.0 Wenchuan earthquake, Sichuan: East–west crustal shortening on oblique, parallel thrusts along the eastern edge of Tibet

Cited by 292 publications

References 67 publications

Up-To-Date Geodynamics and Seismicity of Central Asia

Up-To-Date Geodynamics and Seismicity of Central Asia

Erosion Associated with Seismically-Induced Landslides in the Middle Longmen Shan Region, Eastern Tibetan Plateau, China

Fault‐Slip Distribution of the 1999M_w 7.1 Hector Mine Earthquake, California, Estimated from Postearthquake Airborne LiDAR Data

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Co-seismic ruptures of the 12 May 2008, Ms 8.0 Wenchuan earthquake, Sichuan: East–west crustal shortening on oblique, parallel thrusts along the eastern edge of Tibet

Cited by 292 publications

References 67 publications

Up-To-Date Geodynamics and Seismicity of Central Asia

Up-To-Date Geodynamics and Seismicity of Central Asia

Erosion Associated with Seismically-Induced Landslides in the Middle Longmen Shan Region, Eastern Tibetan Plateau, China

Fault‐Slip Distribution of the 1999Mw 7.1 Hector Mine Earthquake, California, Estimated from Postearthquake Airborne LiDAR Data

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Fault‐Slip Distribution of the 1999M_w 7.1 Hector Mine Earthquake, California, Estimated from Postearthquake Airborne LiDAR Data