Co-regulation of theGlycine maxsoluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive fusion protein attachment protein receptor (SNARE)-containing regulon occurs during defense to a root pathogen

Abstract

Genes functioning in membrane fusion were originally identified genetically in Saccharomyces cerevisiae and are found in all eukaryotes. Components of the unit, soluble N-ethylmaleimidesensitive fusion protein attachment protein receptor (SNARE), function in the plant genetic model Arabidopsis thaliana during its defense to shoot pathogens. Regarding defense, little is understood about SNARE in roots or its regulation. Experiments in Glycine max (soybean) have provided an opportunity to perform such studies, revealing that SNARE genes are expressed under natural conditions in root cells undergoing defense to parasitism by the nematode Heterodera glycines. Presented here, the G. max homolog of S. cerevisiae suppressor of sec1 (SSO1), identified genetically in A. thaliana as PENETRATION1 (PEN1) and named in its genomic annotation as syntaxin 121 (SYP121) functions in the resistance of G. max to H. glycines. Genetic experiments demonstrate Gm-SYP121 is co-expressed with homologs of other SNARE genes exhibiting measurable transcript levels in infected cells undergoing resistance. These genes include synaptosomal-associated protein 25, homologous to A. thaliana SNAP33 (SNAP-25/SNAP33/SEC9); mammalian uncoordinated-18 (MUNC18/SEC1); synaptotagmin/tricalbin-3 (SYT/TCB3); synaptobrevin/vesicle associated membrane protein/YKT6/SEC22 (SYB/VAMP/YKT6/SEC22); N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive fusion protein (NSF/SEC18) and alpha-soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive fusion protein associated protein (α-SNAP/SEC17). Experiments show each SNARE component functions in resistance. In contrast, a coatomer zeta/ retrieval3 (Cζ/RET3) homolog known to function in retrograde transport within and between the Golgi and endoplasmic reticulum does not appear to function in resistance. Experiments show that SNARE is co-regulated along with a β-glucosidase having homology to PEN2 and an ATP binding cassette transporter exhibiting homology to PEN3. ARTICLE HISTORY

Components of the SNARE-containing regulon are co-regulated in root cells undergoing defense

“…The qPCR data has been obtained using 2 −ΔΔ C T to calculate fold change (Fig. S2) 9,258 . The female index (FI), is the community-accepted method to determine the effect a condition has on H. glycines parasitism 259 .…”

“…However, Matsye et al 23,24 . and Sharma et al 9 . demonstrated a clear role for Gm-α-SNAP in defense of G. max to H. glycines parasitism.…”

“…3).

Figure 3.Components of the regulon, composed of PEN1, PEN2 and PEN3, are under co-regulation 9 . Other components functioning within this apparatus are represented by the outer ring.

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“…This observation provided mechanistic insight into the delivery of secondary metabolites synthesized by RO to the vacuole. As observed by Sharma et al., 9 it is likely that a number of different ABC transporters function during the defense of G. max to parasitic nematodes.…”

Mitogen activated protein kinases function as a cohort during a plant defense response

“…Experiments presented here show that G. max MAPKs (MAPKs) identified to be expressed within parasitized root cells undergoing the process of defense to the root pathogenic nematode Heterodera glycines often presage their function in defense. Experiments show the relationship between PTI and ETI and the defense MAPKs to prior published work (Matsye et al 2011Pant et al 2014Pant et al , 2015Sharma et al 2016;McNeece et al 2017;Aljaafri et al 2017;. As presented in earlier experiments, PTI has been studied here by examining ENHANCED DISEASE SUSCEPTIBILITY1 (EDS1) and LESION SIMULATING DISEASE1 (LSD1) (Dietrich et al 1997;Aarts et al 1998;Falk et al 1999;Pant et al 2014Pant et al , 2015Matuszkiewicz et al 2018).…”