Co-pyrolysis of palm kernel shell and polypropylene for the production of high-quality bio-oil: product distribution and synergistic effect

Zulkafli, Aizatul Hikmah; Hassan, H.; Ahmad, Mohd Azmier; Din, Azam Taufik Mohd

doi:10.1007/s13399-022-03476-z

Cited by 7 publications

(3 citation statements)

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“…Additionally, the relative yield of the acids was promoted for the PKS:MAH:IRO-1:2:2 and PKS:MAH:IRO-2:1:1 pyrolysis blends, while that of the PKS:MAH:IRO-1:1:1 pyrolysis blend was slightly inhibited. The inhibition of the acids observed for the PKS:MAH:IRO-1:1:1 pyrolysis blend may be due to the deoxygenation of the acid via the decarboxylation reaction [42]. It has previously been reported that the strong presence of carboxylic acids in the bio-oil, such as AA, could lead to corrosion in the pipes and burners [46,47].…”

Section: Effect Of Blending Three Biomasses On Product Distribution A...mentioning

confidence: 92%

“…It was found that the relative content of the saccharides was promoted to a large extent when the three biomasses were blended in equal proportions (PKS:MAH:IRO_1:1:1), which can be attributed to the increased yield of levoglucosan. The promotion may be due to the interaction of free radicals from the PKS and the woody biomass during their co-pyrolysis and the deoxygenation of the PKSderived oxygenated compounds via the depolymerisation reaction [42]. It should be noted that the total relative yield of the saccharides was low (i.e., less than 2%) in comparison to the total yield of the volatile compounds.…”

Section: Effect Of Blending Three Biomasses On Product Distribution A...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…(NC) were co-pyrolysed at 600 • C with a blend ratio of 1:1. The inhibition of the phenols is important for improving the quality of the bio-oil, as they contribute to the instability of the bio-oil during storage and transport [42]. No difference was found in the relative yields for the furans, acids, and aldehydes for the co-pyrolysis of PKS with either MAH or IRO.…”

Section: Effect Of Blending Two Biomasses On Product Distribution And...mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Primary Products from Fast Co-Pyrolysis of Palm Kernel Shell and Sawdust

Usino,

Ylitervo,

Richards

2023

Molecules

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Co-pyrolysis is one possible method to handle different biomass leftovers. The success of the implementation depends on several factors, of which the quality of the produced bio-oil is of the highest importance, together with the throughput and constraints of the feedstock. In this study, the fast co-pyrolysis of palm kernel shell (PKS) and woody biomass was conducted in a micro-pyrolyser connected to a Gas Chromatograph–Mass Spectrometer/Flame Ionisation Detector (GC–MS/FID) at 600 °C and 5 s. Different blend ratios were studied to reveal interactions on the primary products formed from the co-pyrolysis, specifically PKS and two woody biomasses. A comparison of the experimental and predicted yields showed that the co-pyrolysis of the binary blends in equal proportions, PKS with mahogany (MAH) or iroko (IRO) sawdust, resulted in a decrease in the relative yield of the phenols by 19%, while HAA was promoted by 43% for the PKS:IRO-1:1 pyrolysis blend, and the saccharides were strongly inhibited for the PKS:MAH-1:1 pyrolysis blend. However, no difference was observed in the yields for the different groups of compounds when the two woody biomasses (MAH:IRO-1:1) were co-pyrolysed. In contrast to the binary blend, the pyrolysis of the ternary blends showed that the yield of the saccharides was promoted to a large extent, while the acids were inhibited for the PKS:MAH:IRO-1:1:1 pyrolysis blend. However, the relative yield of the saccharides was inhibited to a large extent for the PKS:MAH:IRO-1:2:2 pyrolysis blend, while no major difference was observed in the yields across the different groups of compounds when PKS and the woody biomass were blended in equal amounts and pyrolysed (PKS:MAH:IRO-2:1:1). This study showed evidence of a synergistic interaction when co-pyrolysing different biomasses. It also shows that it is possible to enhance the production of a valuable group of compounds with the right biomass composition and blend ratio.

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Section: Effect Of Blending Three Biomasses On Product Distribution A...mentioning

confidence: 92%

Section: Effect Of Blending Three Biomasses On Product Distribution A...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Effect Of Blending Two Biomasses On Product Distribution And...mentioning

confidence: 99%

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