Co-pyrolysis of oil palm trunk and polypropylene: Pyrolysis oil composition and formation mechanism

Graphene-Encapsulated Transition Metal@N/C Catalysts for Catalytic Copyrolysis of Biomass and Waste Plastics: Production of Linear α-Olefins and Aromatics

“…Value-added ketones observed include linear ketones such as methyl ethyl ketone, 2,3-butanedione, 3-pentanone, etc., and cyclic ketones such as 1,2-cyclopentanedione, 1,2-cyclopentanedione 3-methyl, etc. The linear ketones generation was promoted through the breakage of linear carbon chains, and cyclic ketones were promoted via cyclization of the C 6 intermediates formed by the catalytic disintegration of the hemicellulosic part of WS . Further ketones are also generated via ketonization reactions in which two carboxylic acid molecules convert into a ketone, eliminating carbon dioxide and water .…”

“…Olefins were formed by random and chain end scissions during HDPE pyrolysis. However, some olefins were transformed into aromatic hydrocarbons through Diels alder reactions or oligomerization and cyclization during the copyrolysis of WS and HDPE. , The high H/C eff of HDPE feed as a coreactant also contributed to the enhanced olefins yield. , …”

“…However, some olefins were transformed into aromatic hydrocarbons through Diels alder reactions or oligomerization and cyclization during the copyrolysis of WS and HDPE. 53,57 The high H/C eff of HDPE feed as a coreactant also contributed to the enhanced olefins yield. 15,16 The employment of catalysts typically resulted in a higher output of terminal alkenes, which in turn led to an increase in their relative peak area contribution.…”

“…44,73 The high temperatures cleave the ether and side chain C−C bonds of lignin and form long-chain acids. 53 The long-chain acids undergo dehydrogenation, decarboxylation reactions, and γhydrogen transfer at the Lewis acid center to form olefins. 74 The basicity of the catalyst also affects the deoxygenation reactions involving esterification and ketonization reactions.…”

“…The linear ketones generation was promoted through the breakage of linear carbon chains, and cyclic ketones were promoted via cyclization of the C 6 intermediates formed by the catalytic disintegration of the hemicellulosic part of WS. 53 Further ketones are also generated via ketonization reactions in which two carboxylic acid molecules convert into a ketone, eliminating carbon dioxide and water. 54 This is indicated by the increased formation of CO 2 and simultaneous reduction of the acid peak area from 8.72 to 0.42% for individual WS pyrolysis to 50:50 feed mix ratios.…”