Co-pyrolysis of oil palm empty fruit bunch and oil palm frond with low-density polyethylene and polypropylene for bio-oil production

Al-Maari, Mohammed Abobakr; Ahmad, Mohd Azmier; Din, Azam Taufik Mohd; Hassan, H.; Alsobaai, Ahmed Mubarak

doi:10.1016/j.arabjc.2021.103282

Cited by 35 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…However, for the PE, the final residue contained 0.53 wt% of the original starting weight. The only main weight loss could be due to the homogeneous structure decomposition of the polymers PP and PE [22]. For the oxidative TGA decomposition of the two polymers PP and PE (Figures 3 and 4), the steps of decomposition correspond to the presence of a carbon-carbon bond that promotes a random scission mechanism with the increased temperature [22].…”

Section: Feedstocks Analysesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, for the PE, the final residue contained 0.53 wt% of the original starting weight. The only main weight loss could be due to the homogeneous structure decomposition of the polymers PP and PE [22]. The TGA analyses were carried out for each feedstock to determine the optimum temperature for thermal degradation.…”

Section: Feedstocks Analysesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The final stage (8.5 wt% for PE and 9 wt% for PP) could be generated by the final oxidation of the residues [24]. For the samples, TGA under O2 have shown more decomposition stages especially For the oxidative TGA decomposition of the two polymers PP and PE (Figures 3 and 4), the steps of decomposition correspond to the presence of a carbon-carbon bond that promotes a random scission mechanism with the increased temperature [22]. The start of the degradation at low temperatures (210-250 • C) could mean that the polymers (PE and PP) are characterized by low molecular weight.…”

Section: Feedstocks Analysesmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Direct Polypropylene and Polyethylene Liquefaction in CO2 and N2 Atmospheres Using MgO Light and CaO as Catalysts

et al. 2022

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The polyolefin to lighter molecules reaction reduces the waste-plastic residues to produce fuels and valuable chemicals. Commercial MgO light and CaO were used as catalysts for the direct polyethylene and polypropylene liquefaction in N2 or CO2 atmospheres. The products were analyzed (ATR-FTIR, GC-FID/TCD, GC-FID, density, refractive index). The use of MgO light and CaO improved the conversion of propylene and ethylene to liquid products. In addition, low gaseous and solid products yields were obtained. A good production of organic liquids in the gasoline, diesel and kerosene boiling range was obtained. The use of CO2, in some cases, led to a higher conversion into liquids compared with the reactions performed in the N2 atmosphere. In addition, the use of the CO2 atmosphere led to a higher content of products with a boiling range in the diesel and kerosene ranges.

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Section: Feedstocks Analysesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, for the PE, the final residue contained 0.53 wt% of the original starting weight. The only main weight loss could be due to the homogeneous structure decomposition of the polymers PP and PE [22]. The TGA analyses were carried out for each feedstock to determine the optimum temperature for thermal degradation.…”

Section: Feedstocks Analysesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Feedstocks Analysesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Direct Polypropylene and Polyethylene Liquefaction in CO2 and N2 Atmospheres Using MgO Light and CaO as Catalysts

et al. 2022

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“…The desirable products are those allowing the use of rice husk extract as a biooil for heating purposes or for the production of many compounds, such as hydro-carbons and alcohols. The formation of undesirable products should be inhibited to make bio-oil the best alternative fuel [46]. These undesirable products are oxygenated compounds (such as carboxylic acids, phenols, aldehyde, ketones, esters, etc.)…”

Section: Composition Of the Rice Husk Extract After The Photocatalyti...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Visible-Light-Active Zn–Fe Layered Double Hydroxide (LDH) for the Photocatalytic Conversion of Rice Husk Extract to Value-Added Products

et al. 2022

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One of the major causes of excess CO2 in the atmosphere is the direct burning of biomass waste, which can be obviated by the photocatalytic biomass conversion to useful/valuable chemicals/fuels, a sustainable and renewable approach. The present research work is focused on the development of a novel Zn–Fe LDH by a simple co-precipitation method and its utilization for the photocatalytic conversion of a rice husk extract (extracted from rice husk by means of pyrolysis) to value-added products. The synthesized, pure Zn–Fe LDH was characterized by various analytical techniques such as XRD, SEM, FTIR, and UV–Visible DRS spectroscopy. The rice husk extract was converted in a photocatalytic reactor under irradiation with 75 W white light, and the valued-added chemicals were analyzed by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS). It was found that the compounds in the rice husk extract before the photocatalytic reaction were mainly carboxylic acids, phenols, alcohols, alkanes (in a small amount), aldehydes, ketones, and amines. After the photocatalytic reaction, all the carboxylic acids and phenols were completely converted into alkanes by complex reactions. Hence, photocatalytic biomass conversion of a rice husk extract was successfully carried out in the present experimental work, opening new avenues for the development of related research domains, with a great potential for obtaining an alternate fuel and overcoming environmental pollution.

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“…Bio-oil derived from fast pyrolysis of carbonaceous materials such as waste biomass both from animal or plant remain. Various biomass has been reported in generating bio-oil such as sawdust, rice husk, chicken manure, oil palm empty fruit bunch and oil palm frond [3]. Indonesia produces approximately 40 billion ton per-year carbonaceous waste material generated from plantation across the country.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimization of Bio-Oil Pyrolysis Product from Palm Empty Fruit Bunches over H-Zeolite Catalyst using Response Surface Methodology (RSM)

Fanani

Rachmat

Hasanudin

et al. 2020

IJFAC

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Bio-oil pyrolysis product considered as a promising resource of hydrocarbon compound that can be used as alternative fuel or other application. Palm empty fruit bunch (PEFB) based bio-oil converted into hydrocarbon trough pyrolysis over sulfate activation natural zeolite. Here, we reported an optimization process of bio-oil pyrolysis specifically on temperature and catalyst dose variables by using response surface methodology (RSM). Prior conversion process, PEFB was analyzed to determine cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin content. Sulfate activation natural zeolite confirmed its acidity by ammonia and pyridine adsorption calculated by gravimetric method. Two independent variables namely temperature and catalyst weight used in optimization process by RSM whereas response variable is conversion percentage. Analysis result on cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin content are 45.39%, 30.36% and 20.5% respectively. Catalyst acidity determination based on ammonia and pyridine adsorption gave 1.002 mmol/g and 0.1994 mmol/g. Optimum condition of hydrocracking achieved at 568 °C and 2.1088 g catalyst weight with the product obtained at 62.21% conversion. The best product density is 1.086 g/mL obtained at hydrocracking temperature 554 °C and 2.0362 g catalyst. Based on GC-MS analysis, it was confirmed that the product comprises more straight-chain hydrocarbon than cyclic one. RSM calculation able to formulate the feasible model equation to predict the conversion percentage. The equation is; percent conversion = 60.059 + 14.268T + 9.783W – 25.649T2 – 18.809W2 + 3.114TW, whereas model equation for response variable on product density; ρ= 1.09103 – 0.12356T – 0.09744W + 0.11489T2 + 0.28888W2 – 0.00740TW

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Co-pyrolysis of oil palm empty fruit bunch and oil palm frond with low-density polyethylene and polypropylene for bio-oil production

Cited by 35 publications

References 46 publications

Direct Polypropylene and Polyethylene Liquefaction in CO2 and N2 Atmospheres Using MgO Light and CaO as Catalysts

Direct Polypropylene and Polyethylene Liquefaction in CO2 and N2 Atmospheres Using MgO Light and CaO as Catalysts

Visible-Light-Active Zn–Fe Layered Double Hydroxide (LDH) for the Photocatalytic Conversion of Rice Husk Extract to Value-Added Products

Optimization of Bio-Oil Pyrolysis Product from Palm Empty Fruit Bunches over H-Zeolite Catalyst using Response Surface Methodology (RSM)

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