Co-production of ethanol and cellulose fiber from Southern Pine: A technical and economic assessment

Frederick, W.J.; Lien, Steven J.; Courchene, Charles E.; DeMartini, Nikolai; Ragauskas, Arthur J.; Iisa, Kristiina

doi:10.1016/j.biombioe.2008.03.010

Cited by 71 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…A terminal value in year 15 of five times of year-15 EBITDA was assumed. A discount rate of 12% was set which is consistent with other studies (Frederick et al 2008;Gonzalez et al 2011a). The capital cost was determined based on all the investment required for the process modifications.…”

Section: Economic Analysismentioning

confidence: 86%

Techno-Economic Analysis of the Optimum Softwood Lignin Content for the Production of Bioethanol in a Repurposed Kraft Mill

Wu¹,

Chang²,

Phillips³

et al. 2014

BioResources

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Kraft pulping is one possible pretreatment for softwood to economically produce bioethanol. This work evaluates the techno-economic potential of using the kraft process for producing bioethanol from softwoods in a repurposed or co-located kraft mill. Pretreated loblolly pine was enzymatically hydrolyzed at low enzyme dosages of 5 and 10 FPU/g of substrate. Pretreated residue with 13% lignin content had the highest sugar recovery, 32.7% and 47.7% at 5 and 10 FPU/g, respectively. The pretreated residues were oxygen delignified and refined. In all cases, oxygen delignification improved sugar recovery, while refining was mostly effective for pulps with high lignin content. At 5 FPU/g, the sugar recovery for all kraft pulps was 51 to 53% with oxygen delignification and refining. Increasing the enzyme dosage to 10 FPU/g increased the sugar recovery for these pulps to greater than 60%. Economic analysis for the pulps with different initial lignin content showed that kraft pulps with an initial lignin content of 6.7% with oxygen delignification had an ethanol yield of 285 L/ODt wood and the lowest total production cost of $0.55/L. Pulps with initial lignin content of 18.6% had a total production cost of $0.64/L with an ethanol yield of 264 L/ODt wood. Keywords INTRODUCTIONLignocellulosic biomass is the most abundant renewable resource on earth. In the past decade, there has been a growing interest in using this biomass as feed stock for the production of bioethanol (Faaij 2006;Ragauskas et al. 2006;Jørgensen et al. 2007;Bozell 2008;Regalbuto 2009;Tilman et al. 2009). It is not practical to convert lignocellulosic biomass directly to ethanol; several unit operations must be employed. The modern biotechnical process of converting lignocellulosic biomass to ethanol includes pretreatment, enzymatic hydrolysis, and fermentation. In the past few decades, many pretreatment strategies have been developed to make the lignocellulosic substrate more susceptible to enzymatic hydrolysis. Following pretreatment, enzymatic hydrolysis is a key operation for the bioconversion of carbohydrates in lignocellulosic biomass into fermentable sugars by enzymatic hydrolysis. It is an important factor because the cost of the enzymes has a great impact on the economic feasibility of bioethanol production on a commercial scale. The price and dosages of cellulolytic enzymes have been progressively reduced due to intensive research by enzyme producers such as Novozymes and Genencor (Zhang et al. 2006). Although substantial progress has been achieved to improve the PEER-REVIEWED ARTICLE bioresources.com Wu et al. (2014). "Kraft pulping for bioethanol," BioResources 9(4), 6817-6830. 6818 enzymatic hydrolysis of lignocellulosic biomass, the rate of saccharification is slow and often incomplete, especially at low enzyme loadings. Lignocellulosic biomass, especially softwood, has natural resistance to biological degradation because of its morphological structure and chemical composition. Many softwood pretreatment methods have been studied, including ac...

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Section: Economic Analysismentioning

confidence: 86%

Techno-Economic Analysis of the Optimum Softwood Lignin Content for the Production of Bioethanol in a Repurposed Kraft Mill

Wu¹,

Chang²,

Phillips³

et al. 2014

BioResources

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“…Dilute acid hydrolysis can result in the recovery yields up to 95% of the theoretical amounts expected from hemicellulose-derived fragments, depending on the applied pretreatment conditions (i.e., temperature, treatment time, and acid concentration). The solid residue from the dilute acid hydrolysis contains mainly cellulose and lignin, which can be subjected to further processing, such as chemical pulping or enzymatic hydrolysis (Parajó et al 1993(Parajó et al ,1994Fredrick et al 2008).…”

Section: Acidic Pretreatmentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemical Pretreatments of Wood Chips Prior to Alkaline Pulping - A Review of Pretreatment Alternatives, Chemical Aspects of the Resulting Liquors, and Pulping Outcomes

Lehto

Alén

2015

BioResources

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The chemical industry is being forced to evaluate new strategies for more effective utilization of renewable feedstocks to diminish the use of fossil resources. In this literature review, the integration of both acidic and alkaline pretreatment phases of hardwood and softwood chips with chemical pulping is discussed. Depending on the pretreatment conditions, high-volume sulfur-free fractions with varying chemical compositions can be produced. In case of acidic pretreatments, the major products include carbohydrates (mono-, oligo-, and polysaccharides), whereas under alkaline (i.e., aqueous NaOH) pretreatment conditions, the sulfur-free fractions of aliphatic carboxylic acids, lignin, and extractives are primarily obtained. All these fractions are potentially interesting groups of compounds and can be used in a number of applications. Finally, the effects of pretreatments on pulping are also considered. Although it is believed that there are important advantages to be gained by integrating this type of renewable raw material-based production, in particular, with kraft pulping, sulfur-free pulping methods such as soda-AQ and oxygen/alkali delignification processes are also briefly discussed.

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“…Although it shows that the overall pulping yield is less affected with alkaline pre-hydrolysis, the amount of recovered xylan can be significantly lower when compared to dilute acid or auto hydrolysis. In the case of dilute acid, the cellulose can be highly degraded depending on the hydrolysis conditions [49], which can lead to a poorer quality of pulp. It is important to bear in mind that since hemicelluloses are extracted prior to pulping, both the fiber line and chemical recovery can be affected.…”

Section: Bioethanol From Hemicellulosementioning

confidence: 99%

“…In spite of these advantages, impacts on the mill operation are expected and have to be investigated. These include impacts on the equipment utilization capacity [49,56] or the treatment of hydrolysis water to avoid the input of non-process elements such as potassium and chlorine. Table 6.…”

Section: Bioethanol From Hemicellulosementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Different methods have been proposed for the aqueous phase extraction of hemicelluloses in combination with pulp production. In acidic pre-hydrolysis processes, hemicelluloses are hydrolyzed to oligomeric and monomeric sugars and dissolved in the hydrolyzate either in a dilute solution of a mineral acid, which acts as a catalyst of hydrolysis [49][50][51], or auto catalytically (auto-hydrolysis, AH or hydrothermal). In both processes, the hydrolysis is catalyzed by hydronium ions (H 3 O + ).…”

Section: Bioethanol From Hemicellulosementioning

confidence: 99%

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Alternative Technologies for Biofuels Production in Kraft Pulp Mills—Potential and Prospects

2012

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Abstract:The current global conditions provide the pulp mill new opportunities beyond the traditional production of cellulose. Due to stricter environmental regulations, volatility of oil price, energy policies and also the global competitiveness, the challenges for the pulp industry are many. They range from replacing fossil fuels with renewable energy sources to the export of biofuels, chemicals and biomaterials through the implementation of biorefineries. In spite of the enhanced maturity of various bio and thermo-chemical conversion processes, the economic viability becomes an impediment when considering the effective implementation on an industrial scale. In the case of kraft pulp mills, favorable conditions for biofuels production can be created due to the availability of wood residues and generation of black liquor. The objective of this article is to give an overview of the technologies related to the production of alternative biofuels in the kraft pulp mills and discuss their potential and prospects in the present and future scenario.

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Co-production of ethanol and cellulose fiber from Southern Pine: A technical and economic assessment

Cited by 71 publications

References 15 publications

Techno-Economic Analysis of the Optimum Softwood Lignin Content for the Production of Bioethanol in a Repurposed Kraft Mill

Techno-Economic Analysis of the Optimum Softwood Lignin Content for the Production of Bioethanol in a Repurposed Kraft Mill

Chemical Pretreatments of Wood Chips Prior to Alkaline Pulping - A Review of Pretreatment Alternatives, Chemical Aspects of the Resulting Liquors, and Pulping Outcomes

Alternative Technologies for Biofuels Production in Kraft Pulp Mills—Potential and Prospects

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