Co-pigmentation effect of quercetin glycosides on absorption characteristics of cyanidin glycosides and color of Red Wing azalea

Åsen, S.; Stewart, R. N.; Norris, Karl H.

doi:10.1016/s0031-9422(00)90266-8

Cited by 77 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…DeChaunac grapes were grown in the vineyard of the New York State Agricultural Experiment Station, Geneva, NY, and harvested on September 6,1978. The grapes were stored at 4 C until used.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vacuolar Contents of Fruit Subepidermal Cells from Vitis Species

Moskowitz¹,

Hrazdina²

1981

Plant Physiol.

118

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termination of phenolic compounds, sugars, acids, and cations, the skins were removed manually from the grapes, rinsed briefly with distilled H20, frozen in N2, and freeze-dried. To prevent oxidation of phenolic compounds, vacuum was released with N2, and samples were stored in N2 atmosphere., Preparation of Vacuoles. Grape berries (1 kg) were rinsed briefly in 70%o aqueous ethanol and dried on paper towels, and the skins were manually removed by gentle squeezing and cut in half. Batches of about 30 g of skins were rinsed with 100 ml buffer (17 mm citric acid, 70 mim Na2HPO4, and 1.2 M sorbitol at pH 6.0) for 30 min in 1,000-ml beakers on a reciprocal shaker (100 rpm). The buffer was replaced with a Cellulysin (1.5%; Calbiochem) and Macerase (1%; Calbiochem) solution in the same volume as the above buffer. The grape skins were digested for 7 h at room temperature, the incubation medium decanted, and the protoplasts sedimented at 100g in a centrifuge. The sediment was resuspended in the rinsing buffer from above (1,500 ml) and filtered through a glass wool layer in a Buchner funnel under mild suction (aspirator). This treatment produced vacuoles from protoplasts. The vacuoles were sedimented at 100g, resuspended in 225 ml rinsing buffer, and sedimented by gravity twice. The number of vacuoles in a preparation was determined in a well slide using 5 ,Al aliquot and 20 ul. buffer.Disruption of Vacuoles. The vacuole preparations were transferred into 40-ml centrifuge tubes and the vacuoles sedimented at 50g. The supernatant buffer was decanted, the volume made up to 40 ml with distilled H20, and the preparation homogenized by sonication. Microscopic examination of this preparation showed that all vacuoles had lysed. The homogenate was centrifuged at 180,000g for 2 h to remove membranous material. The supernatant (37 ml) was decanted, frozen in N2, and stored at -40 C.Identification of Anthocyanins. The anthocyanins in DeChaunac grapes have been previously identified (28).Determination of Total Anthocyanin Content in Grape Skins.Freeze-dried grape skin powder (1.0 g) was extracted with 0.1% aqueous HCI (100 ml), the absorbance of this solution measured at 520 nm, and the anthocyanin concentration determined using E = 33,000 1-mol-1cm-' (27).Determination of the Total Anthocyanin Content in Vacuole Preparations. One ml of the vacuole lysate was used for the determination, as described above.Quantitative Determination of the Individual Anthocyanins. The individual anthocyanin content of grape skins and vacuole preparations was determined by quantitative adaptation ofa previously described HPLC method (28). Only pigments present in significant amounts were quantitated. For the establishment of anthocyanin standard curves, the following pigment stock solutions were pre-

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“…DeChaunac grapes were grown in the vineyard of the New York State Agricultural Experiment Station, Geneva, NY, and harvested on September 6,1978. The grapes were stored at 4 C until used.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vacuolar Contents of Fruit Subepidermal Cells from Vitis Species

Moskowitz¹,

Hrazdina²

1981

Plant Physiol.

118

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“…In the past flower petal color was measured first using the opal glass transmission method (Saito 1967) and subsequently (Asen et al 1971a, Asen et al 1971b) and his group ) reported micro-spectrophotomeric measurement with peeled epidermis. It is also possible to use the integral sphere as a reflection spectrum.…”

Section: Sepal and Cell Color Measurement Of Hydrangeamentioning

confidence: 99%

Sepal Color Variation of Hydrangea macrophylla and Vacuolar pH Measured with a Proton-Selective Microelectrode

Yoshida

Toyama-Kato

Kameda

et al. 2003

Plant and Cell Physiology

122

101

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;Sepal color of hydrangea varies with the environmental conditions. Although chemical and biological studies on this color variation have a long history, little correct knowledge has been generated about color development. All colored sepals contain the same anthocyanin, delphinidin 3-glucoside. Thus, there must be some other system for developing the wide variety of colors. In hydrangea sepals the cells of the epidermis are colorless and only the second layer of cells contain pigment. We prepared protoplasts without any color change during enzyme treatment of sepals and measured the vacuolar pH of each of the colored cells. We could correlate the color of a single hydrangea cell with its vacuolar pH using a combination of micro-spectrophotometry and a proton-selective microelectrode. Values for the vacuolar pH of blue (lvismax: 589 nm) and red cells (lvismax: 537 nm) were 4.1 and 3.3, respectively, the vacuolar pH of blue cells being significantly higher.

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“…It has confirmed that flavonols and flavones act as co-pigments, and are thought to form stacked complexes with anthocyanin, causing a shift in the absorption spectrum of the anthocyanin molecule and thus considerably affect on final colors of flowers (Mol et al, 1998). So, co-pigmentation effect which was expected to occur when the TF/TA ratio exceeded 5 (Asen, et al, 1971), was revealed in "Bastion"; orange variety (CI=5.50).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 83%

Comparison of Parameters Affecting Flower Color in Gerbera hybrida: A Phytochemical Study on New Varieties

Hatamzadeh¹,

Akbari²,

Sariri³

et al. 2012

JAS

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Anatomical and biochemical studies of pigments in different varieties of Gerbera hybrida revealed the correlation of effective parameters on flower colors. Results showed that interactions of the parameters affecting color are different in various varieties, So that effect of co-pigmentation index occurred only in "Bastion" or interaction of biochemical and anatomical factors in "Rosalin" had presented a mat color in comparison to "Carmen" or "Purple Prince" with a velvety texture. Microscopic studies of epidermal cells confirmed presence of globular bodies in petal cell vacuoles of "Carmen", "Cacharell" and "Rosalin", while in "Purple Prince" revealed as masses or unformed packages. Also in Scanning Electronic Microscopic studies, epidermal cell shapes revealed as elongated cells with multiple papillae in all varieties, although their arrangement on epidermal cell surfaces varied in different varieties. The results of this study showed the role of relationships of anatomical and biochemical factors on gerbera flower colors in different varieties.

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Co-pigmentation effect of quercetin glycosides on absorption characteristics of cyanidin glycosides and color of Red Wing azalea

Cited by 77 publications

References 9 publications

Vacuolar Contents of Fruit Subepidermal Cells from Vitis Species

Vacuolar Contents of Fruit Subepidermal Cells from Vitis Species

Sepal Color Variation of Hydrangea macrophylla and Vacuolar pH Measured with a Proton-Selective Microelectrode

Comparison of Parameters Affecting Flower Color in Gerbera hybrida: A Phytochemical Study on New Varieties

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