Co-Occurrence of Trichomonas vaginalis and Bacterial Vaginosis Among HIV-Positive Women

Gatski, Megan; Martín, David H.; Clark, Rebecca A.; Harville, Emily W.; Schmidt, Norine; Kissinger, Patricia

doi:10.1097/olq.0b013e3181f22f56

Cited by 30 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…e association between BV and trichomoniasis is frequent in HIV-infected patients, and it may bring difficulties to the treatment of both diseases [23,24]. In the present study, 53.8% of patients with trichomoniasis also showed BV, with 28.6% of recurrence for both infections, which is in agreement with those authors.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

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Genital Infections of HIV-Infected Women Assisted by a Specialized Service

Acquaro

Duarte²,

Souza³

2013

ISRN Infectious Diseases

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e present study aimed at analyzing the persistence/recurrence of genital infections and its associated factors in HIV-infected women. Fiy-eight women treated for chlamydial infection, trichomoniasis, vulvovaginal candidiasis, and/or bacterial vaginosis (BV) and who had specimens collected for cure control up to one year aer treatment were studied. Diagnoses were performed by the Gram staining method for cases of BV and candidiasis and by T. vaginalis culture and qualitative PCR for C. trachomatis. Antiretroviral therapy was used by 79.3% of patients, and 62.1% showed an undetectable HIV plasma load. e most frequent infection was BV with persistence/recurrence of 52.4%, which was associated with a longer time period between treatment and cure control ( ), postmenopausal period ( ), and having a steady partner ( ). Persistence/recurrence of vulvovaginal candidiasis was observed in 25%, trichomoniasis in 23.1%, and chlamydial infection in 10.5%. e latter was associated with inadequate treatment of the partner ( ). ere was a tendency to higher persistence/recurrence of BV ( ) and trichomoniasis ( ) among patients with low T CD4 + lymphocyte counts. e majority of women in the present study showed good HIV-infection control and a vulnerable sexual behavior, which stress the importance of maintaining gynecological followup.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

“…Trichomoniasis favors the occurrence of BV [23], and coinfection with the two microorganisms may hinder the treatment of both diseases in HIV-infected patients [24]. BV causes cellular alterations in the cervix [25], and similarly to trichomoniasis, favors the acquisition of human papillomavirus (HPV) [26].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genital Infections of HIV-Infected Women Assisted by a Specialized Service

Acquaro

Duarte²,

Souza³

2013

ISRN Infectious Diseases

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“…[2][3][4][5] In Cameroon, a child is cardinal in marriage. Separations and/or divorces or family conflicts have been witnessed in situations of childlessness stemming from an unhealthy reproductive tract.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence and etiology of sexually transmitted infections in a gynecologic unit of a developing country

Kesah

Payne

Asakizi

2013

Ann Trop Med Public Health

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Background: Despite enormous sensitization and management options available for sexually transmitted infections (STIs) in the last 2 decades, these infections remain highly endemic in certain parts of Cameroon. This is a descriptive study of genital hygiene and predisposition to STIs in some women in Dschang, West Region, Cameroon. Materials and Methods: A total of 2172 consenting women seeking gynecological care at the Dschang District Hospital from 2009 to 2010 were interviewed, examined, cervical/blood specimens collected, and analyzed. Results: Inadequate healthcare systems; lack of reproductive health knowledge; vaginal washing with contaminated water or chemicals; contaminated sanitary towels or gynecologic equipment; unsterile sharps; dirty and damp lavatories; synthetic and tight underwear; multiple or concurrent sex partners; primitive traditions; myths; polygamous and inherited marriages; asymptomatic carriage of pathogens; self-medication; antibiotic abuse; traditional therapy; reinfections; poverty; poor sanitation; and illiteracy were related to genital conditions identi ied in 1466 (67%) study subjects, excluding 41 (2%) cases with human immunode iciency virus (HIV)/ acquired immunode iciency syndrome (AIDS) only. In total, 1353 (62%) patients were infectious cases, 113 (5%) had noninfectious vaginitis, 171 (8%) were positive for HIV/AIDS serology, with 6% having concurrent genital infections. Of the 1507 patients diagnosed with STIs, 62% were symptomatic and 7% asymptomatic comprising 5% convalescent and 2% healthy carriers. Bacterial vaginosis 24%, vaginal candidiasis 18%, chlamydia 15%, and active syphilis 11% predominated over trichomonas, gonorrhea, hepatitis B, herpes, and warts with rates ≤1%. Conclusion: In mitigation, hand washing, clean toilets, sexual behaviors that contribute to STIs, delay sexual debut, condom usage, rational employment of examination methods, improved medical diagnostics testing both men and women, attitude change and prevention education were emphasized on.

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“…2 Among HIV-positive women, the prevalence of TV ranges from 6% to 53%, 3Y10 the prevalence of BV ranges from 23% to 52%, 11,12 and the rate of co-occurrence of TV/BV has been reported to be from 44% to 61%. 11,13 Bacterial vaginosis 14Y16 , TV, 17,18 and higher plasma viral load (PVL) 19Y23 are associated with increased vaginal shedding of HIV-1. The current US treatment guidelines recommend that all persons who test positive for HIV begin a treatment regimen of antiretroviral therapy (ART) to both reduce the risk of disease progression and decrease the risk of HIV transmission.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%