Co‐occurrence of papillomas related to Equus caballus papillomavirus type 2 and cutaneous habronemiasis

Abstract

The present report describes a case of cutaneous papillomatosis related to equine papillomavirus type 2 (EcPV2) with concomitant cutaneous habronemiasis. A 2year-old female Pura Raza Española horse was referred for a dermatological evaluation because of the onset of cutaneous multifocal, nodular lesions on the face characterised by a warty and partially ulcerated overlying epidermis. Multiple biopsies were taken from these lesions, and cutaneous viral papillomas with a concomitant severe focal eosinophilic dermatitis with intralesional Habronematidae nematode larvae were diagnosed. Immunohistochemistry revealed papillomaviral capsid protein L1 in the epidermal proliferative lesion, confirming the presence of a productive infection. Rt-qPCR confirmed the presence of EcPV type 2. To the authors' knowledge, this is the first report of EcPV2-related papillomas with concurrent habronemiasis. Abbreviations B2MBeta-2-Microglobulin BPV Bovine papillomavirus DNA Deoxyribonucleic acid EcPV Equus caballus papillomavirus FFPE Formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded HE Haematoxylin and eosin HPV Human papillomavirus PBS Phosphate-buffered saline RT Room temperature Rt-qPCR Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction SCC Squamous cell carcinomas

Investigation of the Epithelial to Mesenchymal Transition (EMT) Process in Equine Papillomavirus-2 (EcPV-2)-Positive Penile Squamous Cell Carcinomas

“…Primer and probe sequences are reported in Table 3 . Real-time PCR was performed as previously described [ 50 ]. Briefly, 200 nM of the probe and 100 nM of each primer were added to the TaqDNA Polymerase MasterMix (Biorad, Hercules, CA, USA).…”

Detection of Equus Caballus Papillomavirus Type-2 in Asymptomatic Italian Horses

“…EcPV2 detection was assessed in 100 ng of DNA sample. In particular, L1, E2, E6, and E7 amplification by the real-time PCR assay was performed applying previously described protocols [10,18,19] and using the amplification of the equine beta-2-microglobulin (B2M) gene [10,20] as the control for DNA integrity (primer and probes sequences are reported in Table 1). Moreover, internal controls (block blanks, extraction blanks, and positive controls) were used for each analytical session.…”

PD-L1/PD-1 and CTLA-4 Expression in Equine Penile Squamous Cell Carcinomas

“…Primers for the PD-1 gene (PDCD1) and PD-L1 gene (CD274) were designed through Primer3web tool v. 4.1.0 [31] and reported in Table 1. B2M gene expression was used to normalize the host gene expression [32] utilizing primers previously reported (Table 1). The amplification was conducted using the SsoFast EvaGreen Supermix (BioRad, Hercules, CA, USA) in a CFX96 Real-Time System with 5 µL of 1:5 diluted cDNA.…”