Co-localization of serotonin and FMRFamide-like immunoreactivities in the central nervous system of the earthworm, Eisenia Jetida

Lubics, Andrea; Reglődi, Dóra; Slezák, Sándor; Szelier, Márta; Lengvári, Istvàn

doi:10.1016/s0065-1281(97)80037-2

Cited by 16 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…Where measurements have been made, the peptidergic cells of the nervous system are more abundant than the aminergic cells. Examples are annelids (Eisenia foetida, 113-154 FMRFamidergic cells and 48-77 serotonergic cells in the subpharyngeal ganglion; Lubics et al 1997), rotifers (Platyias patulus 12 FMRFamidergic and 6 serotonergic cells in the brain; Euchlanis dilatata 4 and 4; Asplancha herricki 14 and 4, respectively; Kotikova et al 2005), nematodes (Caenorhabditis elegans, entire nervous system, *30 FMRFamidergic and 9 serotonergic cells and neurons; Horvitz et al 1982) and insects (Tenebrio molitor,198 FMRFamidergic cells in the adult brain and 44 serotonergic cells in the brain without the optic lobes ;Breidbach 1990;Breidbach and Wegerhoff 1993). …”

Section: General Remarksmentioning

confidence: 99%

Architecture of the nervous system in two Dactylopodola species (Gastrotricha, Macrodasyida)

Rothe

Schmidt‐Rhaesa

2008

Zoomorphology

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Immunohistochemical stainings have become standard tools to describe the nervous system, but usually only singular or few markers are used and consequently show only subsets of neurons within the nervous system. We investigated two species of Dactylopodola (Gastrotricha, Macrodasyida) with a broad set and combination of markers, to represent the nervous system in a more holistic approach. We suggest that markers for both neurotubuli (tubulin) and neurotransmitters (e.g. serotonin, FMRFamides, histamine) should be used. Combinations with markers for the musculature (phalloidin) and nuclei (propidiumiodide or other markers) help to reveal spatial patterns and when used with TEM can provide a more precise picture of the spatial relationships of particular nerves. Species of Dactylopodola have a brain consisting of a solid dorsal commissure and a fine ventral commissure. Cell somata of brain cells are arranged lateral to the dorsal commissure and form a dumbbell-like brain. Additionally, projections into the head region, head sensory organs, one pair of lateroventral nerve cords with three commissures and stomatogastric nerves are described. Obviously, some longitudinal transmitter-specific fibres run in parallel to the main longitudinal nerve and represent additional longitudinal fibres. In comparison with the nervous system architecture of other gastrotrich species and that of different bilaterian animals it is speculated that the gastrotrich nervous system retains several ancestral features, such as being commissural and not a compact brain.

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Section: General Remarksmentioning

confidence: 99%

Architecture of the nervous system in two Dactylopodola species (Gastrotricha, Macrodasyida)

Rothe

Schmidt‐Rhaesa

2008

Zoomorphology

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“…Usually, immunocytochemical studies of the earthworm neurons refer to the normal pattern of staining with various antibodies (Spörhase-Eichmann et al 1987a,b;Telkes et al 1996;Reglodi et al 1997aReglodi et al ,b, 1999Lubics et al 1997Lubics et al , 2003. Alternatively, regenerationinduced changes have been traced (Banvolgyi et al 2000).…”

Section: Injury-evoked Changes In the Cnp-like Immunoreactivity Patternmentioning

confidence: 99%

Immunoreactivity to molluskan neuropeptides in the central and stomatogastric nervous systems of the earthworm, Lumbricus terrestris L.

Ierusalimsky

Balaban

2006

Cell Tissue Res

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Polyclonal antisera against two related command neuropeptides (CNP2 and CNP4) described in neurons of the terrestrial snail Helix were used in a study of the nervous system of the earthworm Lumbricus. The CNP-like peptides belong to the same neuropeptide subfamily and bear a C-terminal signature sequence Tyr-Pro-Arg-X. The distribution patterns of immunoreactive (IR) neurons were studied in the central nervous system (CNS), skin, and stomatogastric nervous system of the earthworm. IR neurons were found in all CNS ganglia, the patterns being similar for both antibodies used. Several clusters of IR cells were observed in the cerebral and subesophageal ganglia. In the ventral cord ganglia, the number of IR cells decreased in the rostro-caudal direction, and the IR cells sent their fibers mostly into the median fiber bundle. Segmental nerves contained no IR fibers. After injury of the worm body, the number of IR neurons in the CNS significantly increased. In the skin, IR sensory neurons were present in sensory buds. The stomatogastric ganglia only contained IR fibers. Numerous scattered IR neurons were found in the inner subepithelial layer of the esophagus and formed the enteric plexus in which the cell bodies displayed a segmentally repeated pattern. Possible involvement of CNP-like-IR neurons in central integratory processes, sensory processes, and the regulation of feeding is discussed.

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“…In the eathworm Eisenia fetida, FMRF-like peptides are co-localized with serotonin, suggesting a role as neuromodulators influencing serotoninergic neurons [34] In Lumbricus terrestris, FMRF-like peptides seem to be involved in both central integratory processes, neuromuscular regulation and sensory processes [34].…”

Section: Rf-amide Peptidesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Annelid Neuroimmune System

Lefebvre¹

2003

CPD

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Neuropeptides have been found in nervous central or immune systems of Annelids. Since these signaling molecules are found free in the hemolymph, they are considered as hormones. Hormonal processes along with enzymatic processing similar to that found in vertebrates occur in annelids. Furthermore, amino acid sequence determination of annelids precursor gene products reveals the presence of the respective peptides that exhibit high sequence identity to their mammalian counterparts. Nevertheless, specific neuropeptides to annelids or invertebrates have also been in these animals. These peptides are flanked by potential proteolytic signal sites for the various known enzymes confirming that annelids neuropeptide precursors are processed in a similar manner to that described in mammals i.e. implicating prohormone convertase enzymes.

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Co-localization of serotonin and FMRFamide-like immunoreactivities in the central nervous system of the earthworm, Eisenia Jetida

Cited by 16 publications

References 28 publications

Architecture of the nervous system in two Dactylopodola species (Gastrotricha, Macrodasyida)

Architecture of the nervous system in two Dactylopodola species (Gastrotricha, Macrodasyida)

Immunoreactivity to molluskan neuropeptides in the central and stomatogastric nervous systems of the earthworm, Lumbricus terrestris L.

Annelid Neuroimmune System

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