Co-localisation of cocaine- and amphetamine-regulated transcript peptide and vasoactive intestinal polypeptide in the myenteric plexus of the porcine transverse colon

Palus, Katarzyna; Rytel, Liliana

doi:10.5603/fm.2013.0055

Cited by 14 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…First of all, VIP acts as an inhibitory agent causing the smooth muscles relaxation [52,53], inhibition of motor activity of the stomach [2], as well as suppression of the gastric acid secretion. Moreover, VIP participates in the stimulation of mucus secretion, increases the production of intestinal juice and bile and takes part in blood flow regulation [54]. Furthermore, VIP is known as a key regulator of immunological processes and is considered to be one of the main neuroprotective factors within the ENS [28,55].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…CART was first observed in 1981 in the ovine hypothalamus and has since been described in different fragments of the GIT of numerous mammals. Available literature indicates the presence of this active substance in various species, including pig [54], human [68], and rat [69]. The exact role of CART in gut function is still unknown, but the localization of CART-positive neurons within the ENS may indicate its properties.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Interestingly, a previous study assessing the stomach has shown that there are no CART-like immunoreactive cell bodies in the gastric submucous ganglia [71]. Moreover, some authors suggest that CART participates in inhibition of feeding [54], reduction of gastric acid secretion [72], the stress response [24], and exacerbation of colonic motility [73].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Neurochemical Plasticity of nNOS-, VIP- and CART-Immunoreactive Neurons Following Prolonged Acetylsalicylic Acid Supplementation in the Porcine Jejunum

Rząp

Czajkowska

Całka

2020

IJMS

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Aspirin, also known as acetylsalicylic acid (ASA), is a commonly used anti-inflammatory drug that has analgesic and antipyretic properties. The side effects are well known, however, knowledge concerning its influence on gastric and intestinal innervation is limited. The enteric nervous system (ENS) innervates the whole gastrointestinal tract (GIT) and is comprised of more than one hundred million neurons. The capacity of neurons to adapt to microenvironmental influences, termed as an enteric neuronal plasticity, is an essential adaptive response to various pathological stimuli. Therefore, the goal of the present study was to determine the influence of prolonged ASA supplementation on the immunolocalization of neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS), vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) and cocaine- and amphetamine- regulated transcript peptide (CART) in the porcine jejunum. The experiment was performed on 8 Pietrain × Duroc immature gilts. Using routine double-labelling immunofluorescence, we revealed that the ENS nerve cells underwent adaptive changes in response to the induced inflammation, which was manifested by upregulated or downregulated expression of the studied neurotransmitters. Our results suggest the participation of nNOS, VIP and CART in the development of inflammation and may form the basis for further neuro-gastroenterological research.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Neurochemical Plasticity of nNOS-, VIP- and CART-Immunoreactive Neurons Following Prolonged Acetylsalicylic Acid Supplementation in the Porcine Jejunum

Rząp

Czajkowska

Całka

2020

IJMS

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“…It is possible that CART within the enteric neurons fulfils a neuroprotective role [27]. However, the widespread presence of CART in intestinal innervation more likely suggests that CART could be a modulator of motility and secretion within the alimentary tract [28,29]. It should be emphasized that CART co-expression within sympathetic nerve fibers in mammalian liver has been demonstrated for the first time.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Alterations in porcine intrahepatic sympathetic nerves after bisphenol A administration

Thoene

Godlewski

Rytel

et al. 2018

Folia Histochem Cytobiol.

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Introduction. Bisphenol A (BPA) is used in the chemical industry for manufacturing plastics which are used as food packaging. Data indicate that BPA is released from such products and is widely present in the environment and the human body. So far, the EFSA and the US FDA have determined "safe" BPA oral exposure levels, and a large amount of data indicates that BPA is harmful even at low-doses. Our previously performed analyses concerning BPA exposure demonstrated the impact of this substance on parasympathetic and peptidergic nerve fibers present within the liver. Therefore, this study concerns BPA exposure and sympathetic intrahepatic innervation in reference to several neuropeptides which modulate neuronal responses: cocaine and amphetamine regulated transcript (CART), galanin (GAL), calcitonin gene-regulated peptide (CGRP) and substance P (SP). Materials and methods. Fifteen young swine at 8 weeks of age were used as experimental models of the juvenile human liver. The pigs were divided into 3 groups and received capsules orally with bisphenol at a dose of 0.05 mg/kg b.w./day; a dose of 0.5 mg/kg b.w./day and placebo capsules as a control. After 28 days of oral BPA intake, the animals were euthanized, perfused with 4% paraformaldehyde (PFA), and livers were collected and fixed in PFA. The cryostat sections were subjected to a routine double-labeling immunofluorescence technique. The primary antibodies were directed against dopamine beta hydroxylase (DbH), which is a marker for sympathetic nerves, and one of the investigated neuropeptides: CART, GAL, CGRP and SP, which co-localized the investigated nerves. Immunoreactive nerves were counted in the liver and the percentage presence of each neuronal combination in particular samples of each experimental group were determined and analyzed statistically. Results. The BPA oral intake at low and ten times higher dosage caused an increase of the number of sympathetic nerve fibers within the porcine liver by 48.6% and 63.7%, respectively. Moreover, BPA exposure caused an increased presence of sympathetic nerve fibers in these two experimental groups, which were co-localized with CART and GAL up to 65.9%/173.2% and 147.4%/126.3%, respectively. At the lower BPA doses of 50 μg/kg b.w./day, the percentages of SP+/DbH+ and CGRP+/DbH+ nerve fibers were similar to the control. 114Michael Thoene et al. However at a ten times higher dose, BPA caused an increased number of SP+/ DbH+ and CGRP+/ DbH+ nerve fibers in the liver, up to 46.4% and 73.5% respectively. Conclusions. BPA caused an increase in the number of sympathetic nerve fibers as well as sympathetic nerve fibers which co-localized with neuropeptides in the porcine liver. The increase in CART and GAL were exceptionally high even at low BPA doses. BPA food contamination may dysregulate liver sympathetic innervation, and thereby may change the oxygenated blood supply, alter metabolism and disrupt the activity of hepatic parenchymal cells.

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“…The present results, which showed a considerable degree of co--localisation of CART with nNOS and VIP seem to confirm this thesis. Nitric oxide and VIP, previously described in GI tract in various species [6,14,25], are a pivotal non-adrenergic, non-cholinergic inhibitory neurotransmitters, which are involved in relaxation of intestinal muscles and play important roles in the regulation gut motility [3].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Immunohistochemical evidence of the co-localisation of cocaine and amphetamine regulatory peptide with neuronal isoform of nitric oxide synthase, vasoactive intestinal peptide and galanin within the circular muscle layer of the human caecum

et al. 2015

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The enteric nervous system consists of about one hundred million of neurons. In big mammals (including humans) intestinal enteric neuronal cells are grouped into three types of intramural ganglia located within myenteric, as well as outer and inner submucosal plexuses, which are connected by numerous nerve fibres. Both nerve fibres and cell bodies located in the gastrointestinal tract utilise a broad spectrum of active substances. One of them is cocaine-and amphetamine-regulated transcript peptide (CART). The goal of the current study was to determinate the distribution and degree of co-localisation of CART with substances taking part in intestinal motor activity by double labelling immunofluorescence technique. During the study CART-, neuronal isoform of nitric oxide synthase (nNOS)-, vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP)-and/or galanin (GAL) -like immunoreactive (LI)

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Co-localisation of cocaine- and amphetamine-regulated transcript peptide and vasoactive intestinal polypeptide in the myenteric plexus of the porcine transverse colon

Cited by 14 publications

References 23 publications

Neurochemical Plasticity of nNOS-, VIP- and CART-Immunoreactive Neurons Following Prolonged Acetylsalicylic Acid Supplementation in the Porcine Jejunum

Neurochemical Plasticity of nNOS-, VIP- and CART-Immunoreactive Neurons Following Prolonged Acetylsalicylic Acid Supplementation in the Porcine Jejunum

Alterations in porcine intrahepatic sympathetic nerves after bisphenol A administration

Immunohistochemical evidence of the co-localisation of cocaine and amphetamine regulatory peptide with neuronal isoform of nitric oxide synthase, vasoactive intestinal peptide and galanin within the circular muscle layer of the human caecum

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