Co-liquefaction of whole Jatropha curcas seed and glycerol using deep eutectic solvents as catalysts

Alhassan, Yahaya; Pali, Harveer Singh; Kumar, Naveen; Bugaje, I. M.

doi:10.1016/j.energy.2017.07.038

Cited by 23 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…The thermal behavior and stability of DESs is dependent on their ingredients and molar ratios. Processes for food residues and biomass such as pretreatment, dissolution, or extraction in high temperatures or hydrothermal conditions [23,24,26,27,31,81,108,109,110,111] can only be optimized by understanding DES thermal behavior. A study of the thermal stability of eutectic mixtures based on urea and alcohols or carbohydrates found that the investigated DESs decomposed after heating for 7 h at 80 °C and produced carbonates and ammonia [112].…”

Section: General Information On Deep Eutectic Solventsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…They also found that DESs containing HBDs preferred to yield aromatic oil via the condensation and hydrolysis of lipids. In another study, {ChCl: p -Toluenesulphonic acid} DES was employed as a catalyst for the co-liquefaction of glycerol and whole Jatropha curcas seed to obtain bio-oil [23]. Among all the parameters, temperature was found to be the predominant one.…”

Section: Major Applications Of Deep Eutectic Solvents and Natural mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Natural deep eutectic solvents, NADESs, which meet green chemistry objectives and are composed of naturally occurring substances from cellular metabolites [9], are considered to be suitable alternatives for organic solvents, ILs, and even for common DESs [10]. Among a diverse list of applications [4,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19], the use of DESs and NADESs in biofuel [8,20,21,22] and bio-oil [23,24] production, as reaction media or extractive agents [25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35], and as media to tune intermolecular interactions [36] are of special importance to researchers.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Deep Eutectic Solvents for Pretreatment, Extraction, and Catalysis of Biomass and Food Waste

2019

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Valorization of lignocellulosic biomass and food residues to obtain valuable chemicals is essential to the establishment of a sustainable and biobased economy in the modern world. The latest and greenest generation of ionic liquids (ILs) are deep eutectic solvents (DESs) and natural deep eutectic solvents (NADESs); these have shown great promise for various applications and have attracted considerable attention from researchers who seek versatile solvents with pretreatment, extraction, and catalysis capabilities in biomass- and biowaste-to-bioenergy conversion processes. The present work aimed to review the use of DESs and NADESs in the valorization of biomass and biowaste as pretreatment or extraction solvents or catalysis agents.

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Section: General Information On Deep Eutectic Solventsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Major Applications Of Deep Eutectic Solvents and Natural mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Deep Eutectic Solvents for Pretreatment, Extraction, and Catalysis of Biomass and Food Waste

2019

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“…In the area of catalysis, Alhassan et al [29] successfully employed ChCl:KOH, ChCl:p-Toluenesulfonic acid monohydrate, ChCl:Glycerol and ChCl:FeCl 3 as catalyst and co-solvent for hydrothermal liquefaction of de-oiled Jatropha curcas cake, and later applied ChCl:p-Toluenesulfonic acid as heterogeneous and homogeneous catalysts to produce biodiesel from Pongamia pinnata seed oil [30]. Also, ChCl:p-Toluenesulphonic acid was used as catalyst in co-liquefaction of Jatropha curcas seed [31], while, Yong et al [32] utilized ChCl:Oxalic acid to convert biomass furfural to fumaric acid and maleic acid in the presence of H 2 O 2 . Although the aforementioned DESs performed well as catalyst in the biodiesel production, a side reaction between hydroxyl groups of the salt, and the acids from some types of DESs composed of ChCl and carboxylic acids was observed [5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimization of Potassium Carbonate-based DES as Catalyst in the Production of Biodiesel via Transesterification

Abdurrahman¹,

Waziri²,

Ajayi³

et al. 2023

J. Nig. Soc. Phys. Sci.

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Increasing energy demand necessitates the production of sustainable fuels, which can be in the form of bio-fuels. One of such bio-fuels is biodiesel, which is typically produced via transesterification. The development of homogeneous catalyst that is relatively easy to synthesize, cheap, reusable, and environmentally friendly, is a major issue in transesterification reaction. The use of Deep eutectic solvent (DES) as catalyst, is believed to be a significant step in the direction of attaining a sustainable bio-economy. In this study, deep eutectic solvent was synthesized from different mole ratios of K2CO3/glycerol. The synthesized DES was used as catalyst in the transesterification reaction to produce biodiesel from Jatropha curcas oil. Box-Behnken design (BBD) was used to determine the factors that significantly affect the biodiesel yield. Optimum fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) yield of 98.2845% was achieved at optimum conditions of 1:32.58 mole ratio of K2CO3/glycerol, 8.96% w/w concentration of DES, and 69.58 minutes. GC-MS analysis revealed that the produced biodiesel contained 98.87% ester content. The properties of the biodiesel produced were characterized and found to agree with those of ASTM D6751-12 standard. Thus, suggesting the synthesized DES is a promising catalyst in the transesterification reaction to produce biodiesel from Jatropha curcas oil.

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“…Because the alcohols can serve as both solvents and reactants, their use as HTL reaction media has drawn considerable attention [14,15]. However, there is no clear literature consensus on the effects of pure alcohol on the yields or properties of biocrude obtained from the liquefaction of various feedstocks [16][17][18][19]. In addition, most alcohol co-solvent studies focused on HTL performance with woody biomass.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Use of Co-Solvents in Hydrothermal Liquefaction (HTL) of Microalgae

et al. 2019

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This study reviewed and summarized the literature regarding the use of alcohols during hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) of algal biomass feedstocks. The use of both pure alcohols and alcohol-water co-solvents were considered. Based upon this review, laboratory experiments were conducted to investigate the impacts of different alcohol co-solvents (ethanol, isopropanol, ethylene glycol, and glycerol) on the HTL treatment of a specific saltwater microalga (Tetraselmis sp.) at two temperatures: 300 °C and 350 °C. Based on their performance, two co-solvents, isopropanol and ethylene glycol, were selected to explore the effects of varying solvent concentrations and reaction temperatures on product yields and biocrude properties. The type and amount of added alcohol did not significantly affect the biocrude yield or composition. Biocrude yields were in the range of 30–35%, while a nearly constant yield of 21% insoluble products was observed, largely resulting from ash constituents within the algal feedstock. The benefits of using alcohol co-solvents (especially isopropanol) were the reduced viscosity of the biocrude products and reduced rates of viscosity increase with biocrude aging. These effects were attributed mainly to the physical properties of the co-solvent mixtures (solubility, polarity, density, etc.) rather than chemical processes. Under the reaction conditions used, there was no evidence that the co-solvents participated in biocrude production by means of hydrogen donation or other chemical processes. Recovery and recycling of the co-solvent present various challenges, depending upon the type and amount of the co-solvent that is used. For example, glycol solvents are recovered nearly completely within the aqueous product stream, whereas simple alcohols are partitioned between the biocrude and aqueous product streams. In commercial applications, the slight benefits provided by the use of co-solvents must be balanced by the challenges of co-solvent recovery and recycling.

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Co-liquefaction of whole Jatropha curcas seed and glycerol using deep eutectic solvents as catalysts

Cited by 23 publications

References 37 publications

Deep Eutectic Solvents for Pretreatment, Extraction, and Catalysis of Biomass and Food Waste

Deep Eutectic Solvents for Pretreatment, Extraction, and Catalysis of Biomass and Food Waste

Optimization of Potassium Carbonate-based DES as Catalyst in the Production of Biodiesel via Transesterification

Use of Co-Solvents in Hydrothermal Liquefaction (HTL) of Microalgae

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