Co-liquefaction of mixed culture microalgal strains under sub-critical water conditions

Abstract

We report the co-liquefaction performance of unicellular, red alga Cyanidioschyzon merolae and Galdieria sulphuraria under sub-critical water conditions within a stainless-steel batch reactor under different temperatures (150-300°C), residence time (15-60min), and Cyanidioschyzon merolae to Galdieria sulphuraria mass loading (0-100%). Individual liquefaction of C. merolae and G. sulphuraria at 300°C achieved maximum biocrude oil yield of 18.9 and 14.0%, respectively. The yield of biocrude oil increased to 25.5%, suggesting a positive synergistic effect during the co-liquefaction of 80-20mass loading of C. merolae to G. sulphuraria. The biocrude oils were analyzed by FT-ICR MS which showed that co-liquefaction did not significantly affect the distribution of product compounds compared to individual oils. The co-liquefied biocrude and biochar have a higher-heating-value of 35.28 and 7.96MJ/kg. Ultimate and proximate analysis were performed on algae biomass, biocrude and biochar.

Investigation of Balanced Feedstocks of Lipids and Proteins To Synthesize Highly Effective Rejuvenators for Oxidized Asphalt

“…It should be noted that changing the ratio of the two biomasses mainly changes the concentration of each of the identified molecules in the HTL process without altering the type of molecules. This was documented in prior work where two different algae were blended 37,38 and evidenced in our analysis using GC for each of the studied blends, as shown in the section on GC−MS results.…”

Using Fundamental Material Properties to Predict the Moisture Susceptibility of the Asphalt Binder: Polarizability and a Moisture-Induced Shear-Thinning Index

“…merolae is rich in carbohydrates and proteins. As shown in Table , taken from ref , the lipid content of the C. merolae feedstock is low: 4.35 ± 0.91%.…”

“…merolae bio-oil using gas chromatography/mass spectroscopy (GC/MS), the bio-oil produced from C. merolae is a complex mixture of various compounds including fatty acids, saturated and unsaturated alkenes, phenols, and aromatic and polar compounds such as oxygen- and nitrogen-containing compounds . The molecular structures of the first ten compounds identified in C.…”

“…The algae is a unicellular species of red algae called Galdieria sulphuraria . Due to its acidophilic and thermophilic nature, the algae was maintained in a solution of cyanidium sulfate and ammonium sulfate with a vitamin component at 40 °C for growth at the Center for Algae Technology and Innovation (AzCATI) at the Arizona State University Polytechnic Campus in Mesa, AZ . The second biomass was pretreated swine manure that was obtained from the Mt.…”

Hydrothermal liquefaction of high protein microalgae via clay material catalysts

“…However, the yields of biocrude were emphasized in recent studies. 30 This section provides the information about the effect of adding different clay material catalysts on in the hydrothermal liquefaction of Spirulina. The liquefaction processes were carried out at a reaction temperature of 270 C and with a holding time of 30 min.…”