Co-liquefaction of micro- and macroalgae in subcritical water

Macroalgae-Derived Biofuel: A Review of Methods of Energy Extraction from Seaweed Biomass

“…The fatty acid content of Spirulina greatly enhanced the conversion of Entermorpha, whereas inorganic salts present in the latter feed did not greatly hinder bio-oil production [132]. The overall effect was a greater amount of energy being recovered in the resulting bio-oil, though it contained less oxygen and more nitrogen than the separately produced micro and macroalgae bio-oils.…”

Suitability of hydrothermal liquefaction as a conversion route to produce biofuels from macroalgae

“…One possible application could be to grow microorganisms that could make use of the nutrients and organic matter dissolved in the aqueous phase, to convert them also to biofuel by means of HTL. Both microalgae [29] and yeasts [34] have shown a high conversion to biocrude through HTL, and it has been already reported that the co-liquefaction of macro-and microalgae in subcritical water has synergistic effects in terms of biocrude oil production and energy recovery [31].…”

“…In general, brown algae are typically composed of four types of carbohydrates (alginate, laminarin, mannitol and fucoidan) [30]. This decreases the production of biocrude oil because the presence of carbohydrates leads to a higher production of water soluble products under hydrothermal conditions, compared to other biochemical fractions such as lipids or proteins [31,32].…”

Application of Algae as Cosubstrate To Enhance the Processability of Willow Wood for Continuous Hydrothermal Liquefaction

“…Microalgae were previously used as co-stream in HTL of rice husk 14 , manure 15 , coal 16 , macroalgae 17 or synthetic polymers 18 . These studies, except the case of algae-manure co-processing, showed that the addition of microalgae into the feedstock has a positive effect on the biocrude yield due to lower thermal resistance and higher conversion into biocrude of microalgae compounds.…”