Co‐infections with Respiratory Viruses in Dogs with Bacterial Pneumonia

Viitanen, Sanna Johanna; Lappalainen, Anu K.; Rajamäki, Minna

doi:10.1111/jvim.12553

Cited by 43 publications

(55 citation statements)

References 55 publications

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“…The occasional presence of CAV-2 may be explained by the fact that preventive vaccinations against this pathogen are applied in Poland, and, as indicated by the observations of other researchers, such protection in the case of CAV-2 is highly effective, gradually minimising the role of this virus in the aetiology of kennel cough. Similar observations were made regarding the canine distemper virus, which is also listed as an infectious agent of kennel cough, yet due to the use of effective vaccines it is less and less frequently found in dogs around the world (Miyoshi et al 1999;Erles et al 2004;Mochizuki et al 2008;Posuwan et al 2010;Schulz et al 2014;Viitanen et al 2015).…”

Section: Pathogenssupporting

confidence: 48%

“…On the other hand, a vaccine containing an attenuated CPIV strain is commercially available in Poland, so the high prevalence of this virus in such a large number of dogs with kennel cough may be considered alarming. A similar problem was noted in the UK and Finland, where, despite regular vaccinations against CPIV, it was found in clinical trials (Erles et al 2004;Viitanen et al 2015). This may mean that the vaccine used in Europe does not sufficiently stimulate the immune system, allowing the virus to initiate the disease process in favourable situations.…”

Section: Pathogensmentioning

confidence: 88%

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Prevalence of respiratory pathogens detected in dogs with kennel cough in Poland

et al. 2016

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Kennel cough is a multifactorial disease occurring all over the world; however, its epidemiology is still not fully understood. To the authors' knowledge, no studies monitoring the occurrence of infectious agents responsible for kennel cough have been carried out in Poland. Therefore, the objective of our study was to determine which of the four pathogens most frequently isolated in other countries are predominant in north-eastern Poland. Swabs from the upper respiratory tract and tracheal lavage fluids from dogs (n = 40) exhibiting symptoms of this disease were analysed. Canine herpesvirus, canine parainfluenza virus, canine adenovirus type 2 and Bordetella bronchiseptica were identified by polymerase chain reaction. At least one of the above-listed infectious agents was found in all dogs. The predominant pathogen within the area under our study, both in mono-and co-infections, was canine herpesvirus (32/40), whereas canine adenovirus type 2 occurred least frequently (4/40). The effectiveness of detection of selected pathogens from both types of study material was also compared. Tracheal lavage fluid was more suitable for the isolation of canine herpes virus, canine parainfluenza virus, and Bordetella bronchiseptica. Swabs from the upper respiratory tract were more suitable for the isolation of canine adenovirus type 2. Canine, canine herpesvirus, canine parainfluenza virus, respiratory disease

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Section: Pathogenssupporting

confidence: 48%

Section: Pathogensmentioning

confidence: 88%

Prevalence of respiratory pathogens detected in dogs with kennel cough in Poland

et al. 2016

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“…Concurrent neutrophilic inflammation was the most common finding in dogs examined here, with bacterial infection identified in 9 of 59 dogs. In a study of bacterial pneumonia in dogs, BAL fluid lymphocytes approached 20% of the differential cell count . In experimental studies of humans, lipopolysaccharide inhalation caused a 100‐fold increase in airway neutrophils but also increased lymphocytes 3‐fold .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 84%

“…Although concurrent viral infection might explain lymphocytosis in these dogs, it has not been found previously in dogs with bordetellosis. Another explanation for the BAL fluid lymphocytosis in these 6 young dogs is physiologic lymphocytosis. No specific data are available on normal values for BAL fluid differential cytology of dogs <1 year of age.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid lymphocytosis in 104 dogs (2006‐2016)

Johnson

Vernau

2019

Veterinary Internal Medicne

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Background Bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid cytology and culture are used to characterize respiratory diseases in dogs. Little is known about disorders associated with increased numbers of lymphocytes in BAL fluid. Objective To evaluate duration of clinical signs and detection of specific respiratory diagnoses in dogs with BAL lymphocytosis. Animals One‐hundred four client‐owned dogs evaluated for respiratory signs. Methods Medical records of dogs that had >300 cells/μL and >20% lymphocytes on a differential cell count of BAL fluid between January 1, 2006, and January 1, 2016, were reviewed retrospectively. Cases were evaluated for the duration of clinical signs and respiratory diagnoses, including aspiration injury, infectious or inflammatory respiratory disease, and airway collapse. Results Dogs ranged in age from 0.5 to 16 years (median, 7.9 years) and had a median body weight of 11.4 kg (range, 2.0‐42.7 kg). Eosinophilic lung disease was documented in 13 of 104 dogs (Group 1) and airway neutrophilia associated with infectious or inflammatory disease was found in 59 of 104 dogs (Group 2). Lymphocytosis alone in BAL fluid was described in 32 dogs (Group 3). Duration of cough did not differ among groups, but airway collapse was significantly more common in dogs with solitary lymphocytosis than in those with other types of inflammation. Conclusions and Clinical Importance Lymphocytosis in BAL fluid is common in dogs and, in many cases, likely represents a common response to airway injury, independent of the type or duration of insult. It is unknown whether airway collapse leads to lymphocytosis or if the inflammatory process causes airway collapse.

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“…Na przestrzeni lat obserwuje się ponadto zmianę antybiotykowrażliwości szczepów bakterii izolowanych od psów (23). Sama choroba bardzo często pomimo szybko podjętego leczenia przebiega przewlekle (24), a przy tym może stanowić zagrożenie dla zdrowia ludzi (12). Wszystko to razem sprawia, iż konieczny jest stały monitoring bordetellozy w populacji psów z uwzględnieniem różnic jej przebiegu, oraz stały monitoring zmian zachodzących w genomie samych bakterii, który pozwoliłby wykazać pojawianie się nowych ich szczepów.…”

Section: Praca Oryginalna Original Paperunclassified

Observations of Bordetella bronchiseptica infections in dogs

Garbal

Adaszek

Łyp

et al. 2016

Medycyna Weterynaryjna

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SummaryThe aim of the study was to present and develop a comprehensive diagnosis of B. bronchiseptica infections in dogs from Lublin Voivodeship and to determine whether these animals were infected with one or multiple genotypes of the bacteria. Thirty-five dogs with bordetellosis confirmed by bacteriological and molecular tests were included in the study. Samples of blood for hematology and biochemistry, as well as bronchial alveolar lavage for cytological and molecular tests, were taken from all animals. Seven dogs showed a decreased hematocrit and a decreased number of red blood cells. In 16 dogs, leukocytosis was found. Increased AST activity, increased ALT activity, elevated serum concentrations of urea, and increased creatinine concentrations were observed in 3, 5, 3, and 3 dogs, respectively. Endoscopy showed inflammation in the trachea and bronchi in 15 dogs. Cytological examination of bronchoalveolar lavages revealed a large number of macrophages (in 18 dogs), lymphocytes (in 8 dogs), and eosinophil granulocytes (in 2 dogs).The genetic material of the bacteria, a fragment of Bordetella spp flaA gene, was detected in nasal and pharyngeal swabs taken from all 35 dogs, and in bronchial alveolar lavage from 17 dogs. A comparison of the nucleotide sequences of the gene showed that the homology between the bacterial isolates obtained in our study was 100%. This suggests the presence of only one B. bronchiseptica genotype in the dog population in Lublin Voivodeship. The sequence similarity of our isolates with sequences available in the gene bank (NCBI PubMed: EU 327790 from China, AJ 012319 from Argentina, L 13034 from the US) was also very high, ranging from 98.2% to 100%.The results of our study indicate that a comprehensive diagnosis of the disease and its constant monitoring are necessary for recognizing the disease, for determining the relationship between the genetic structure of pathogens and the course of the disease, and for studying the immunoprophylaxis of B. bronchiseptica infections in dogs

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Co‐infections with Respiratory Viruses in Dogs with Bacterial Pneumonia

Cited by 43 publications

References 55 publications

Prevalence of respiratory pathogens detected in dogs with kennel cough in Poland

Prevalence of respiratory pathogens detected in dogs with kennel cough in Poland

Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid lymphocytosis in 104 dogs (2006‐2016)

Observations of Bordetella bronchiseptica infections in dogs

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