Co-infections in COVID-19 patients and correlation with mortality rate. Minireview

Fehér, Ágnes; Szarvas, Z; Lehoczki, Andrea; Fekete, Mónika; Fazekas-Pongor, Vince

doi:10.1556/2060.2022.00015

Cited by 14 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 45 publications

(80 reference statements)

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“…Since the very beginning of the pandemic, co-infections of COVID-19 patients have been reported [ 18 , 19 , 35 , 36 , 37 , 38 , 39 ]. It needs to be noted that the several studies reporting superinfections have not distinctly distinguished between community-acquired and healthcare-associated infections, thus limiting the validity of these studies.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Indeed, other studies have also reported low rates of early infection and, rather, direct the focus to nosocomial infection [ 17 , 34 ]. Reported rates of secondary bacterial infections in critically ill ICU patients with COVID-19 have ranged from 8.1% to 42.8% [ 13 , 17 , 18 , 34 , 35 , 36 , 37 , 38 , 39 ]. There is also a wide range of reported infection rates with respect to secondary fungal infections.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Infections are a common problem in ICUs. A critical condition, an impaired immune response, and invasive treatments (i.e., mechanical ventilation and catheterization) all pose risk factors for nosocomial infections [ 10 , 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 ]. It is of concern that secondary infections in viral diseases of the respiratory tract, such as influenza, have been described as causes of morbidity and mortality [ 22 , 23 , 24 , 25 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Invasiveness of Ventilation Therapy Is Associated to Prevalence of Secondary Bacterial and Fungal Infections in Critically Ill COVID-19 Patients

Hesselle

Borgmann

Rieg

et al. 2022

JCM

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Superinfections are a fundamental critical care problem, and their significance in severe COVID-19 cases needs to be determined. This study analyzed data from the Lean European Open Survey on SARS-CoV-2-Infected Patients (LEOSS) cohort focusing on intensive care patients. A retrospective analysis of patient data from 840 cases of COVID-19 with critical courses demonstrated that co-infections were frequently present and were primarily of nosocomial origin. Furthermore, our analysis showed that invasive therapy procedures accompanied an increased risk for healthcare-associated infections. Non-ventilated ICU patients were rarely affected by secondary infections. The risk of infection, however, increased even when non-invasive ventilation was used. A further, significant increase in infection rates was seen with the use of invasive ventilation and even more so with extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) therapy. The marked differences among ICU techniques used for the treatment of COVID-19-induced respiratory failure in terms of secondary infection risk profile should be taken into account for the optimal management of critically ill COVID-19 patients, as well as for adequate antimicrobial therapy.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Invasiveness of Ventilation Therapy Is Associated to Prevalence of Secondary Bacterial and Fungal Infections in Critically Ill COVID-19 Patients

Hesselle

Borgmann

Rieg

et al. 2022

JCM

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“…As the structure of secondary lymphoid organs is essential for immune defense against microbes, their breakdown during an ongoing virus infection may temporarily reduce immune competence toward other infections ( 72 ). Second, it has been suggested that COVID-19 associated lymphopenia may contribute to a higher rate of bacterial co-infections ( 73 , 74 ). Finally, signs of T cell exhaustion, such as PD-L1 overexpression, are observed in some COVID-19 patients, and this may further limit the immune competence of COVID-19 patients toward other pathogens ( 75 – 78 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Finally, signs of T cell exhaustion, such as PD-L1 overexpression, are observed in some COVID-19 patients, and this may further limit the immune competence of COVID-19 patients toward other pathogens ( 75 – 78 ). Since multiple risk factors for bacterial co-infections have been described in COVID-19 patients, it is likely that multiple immunological mechanisms are at play and determine the individual risk ( 74 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

COVID-19 Autopsies Reveal Underreporting of SARS-CoV-2 Infection and Scarcity of Co-infections

Schwab¹,

Nienhold²,

Henkel

et al. 2022

Front. Med.

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Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) mortality can be estimated based on reliable mortality data. Variable testing procedures and heterogeneous disease course suggest that a substantial number of COVID-19 deaths is undetected. To address this question, we screened an unselected autopsy cohort for the presence of SARS-CoV-2 and a panel of common respiratory pathogens. Lung tissues from 62 consecutive autopsies, conducted during the first and second COVID-19 pandemic waves in Switzerland, were analyzed for bacterial, viral and fungal respiratory pathogens including SARS-CoV-2. SARS-CoV-2 was detected in 28 lungs of 62 deceased patients (45%), although only 18 patients (29%) were reported to have COVID-19 at the time of death. In 23 patients (37% of all), the clinical cause of death and/or autopsy findings together with the presence of SARS-CoV-2 suggested death due to COVID-19. Our autopsy results reveal a 16% higher SARS-CoV-2 infection rate and an 8% higher SARS-CoV-2 related mortality rate than reported by clinicians before death. The majority of SARS-CoV-2 infected patients (75%) did not suffer from respiratory co-infections, as long as they were treated with antibiotics. In the lungs of 5 patients (8% of all), SARS-CoV-2 was found, yet without typical clinical and/or autopsy findings. Our findings suggest that underreporting of COVID-19 contributes substantially to excess mortality. The small percentage of co-infections in SARS-CoV-2 positive patients who died with typical COVID-19 symptoms strongly suggests that the majority of SARS-CoV-2 infected patients died from and not with the virus.

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The multifaceted benefits of walking for healthy aging: from Blue Zones to molecular mechanisms

et al. 2023

Self Cite

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Physical activity, including walking, has numerous health benefits in older adults, supported by a plethora of observational and interventional studies. Walking decreases the risk or severity of various health outcomes such as cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, type 2 diabetes mellitus, cognitive impairment and dementia, while also improving mental well-being, sleep, and longevity. Dose-response relationships for walking duration and intensity are established for adverse cardiovascular outcomes. Walking’s favorable effects on cardiovascular risk factors are attributed to its impact on circulatory, cardiopulmonary, and immune function. Meeting current physical activity guidelines by walking briskly for 30 min per day for 5 days can reduce the risk of several age-associated diseases. Additionally, low-intensity physical exercise, including walking, exerts anti-aging effects and helps prevent age-related diseases, making it a powerful tool for promoting healthy aging. This is exemplified by the lifestyles of individuals in Blue Zones, regions of the world with the highest concentration of centenarians. Walking and other low-intensity physical activities contribute significantly to the longevity of individuals in these regions, with walking being an integral part of their daily lives. Thus, incorporating walking into daily routines and encouraging walking-based physical activity interventions can be an effective strategy for promoting healthy aging and improving health outcomes in all populations. The goal of this review is to provide an overview of the vast and consistent evidence supporting the health benefits of physical activity, with a specific focus on walking, and to discuss the impact of walking on various health outcomes, including the prevention of age-related diseases. Furthermore, this review will delve into the evidence on the impact of walking and low-intensity physical activity on specific molecular and cellular mechanisms of aging, providing insights into the underlying biological mechanisms through which walking exerts its beneficial anti-aging effects.

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Co-infections in COVID-19 patients and correlation with mortality rate. Minireview

Cited by 14 publications

References 45 publications

Invasiveness of Ventilation Therapy Is Associated to Prevalence of Secondary Bacterial and Fungal Infections in Critically Ill COVID-19 Patients

Invasiveness of Ventilation Therapy Is Associated to Prevalence of Secondary Bacterial and Fungal Infections in Critically Ill COVID-19 Patients

COVID-19 Autopsies Reveal Underreporting of SARS-CoV-2 Infection and Scarcity of Co-infections

The multifaceted benefits of walking for healthy aging: from Blue Zones to molecular mechanisms

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