Co-infection of SARS-CoV-2 and influenza virus causes more severe and prolonged pneumonia in hamsters

Kinoshita, T; Watanabe, Kenichi; Sakurai, Yoshio; Nishi, Kodai; Yoshikawa, Rokusuke; Yasuda, Jiro

doi:10.1038/s41598-021-00809-2

Cited by 49 publications

(67 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…Within the 7 month period of our study, we detected only 5 cases of influenza and SARS-CoV-2 co-infection out of the 13,467 ILI/SARI cases tested, thus indicating a low prevalence of co-infections during the reporting period. We identified more influenza B viruses as compared to influenza A, which was associated with severe disease in in-vitro studies and animal models [ 36 , 37 ]. In our study, severity and complications of the disease and hospital admission were associated with extremes of age and existing co-morbidities of the patients rather than the infecting virus strains.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

SARS-CoV-2 and Influenza Virus Co-Infection Cases Identified through ILI/SARI Sentinel Surveillance: A Pan-India Report

Aggarwal

Potdar

Vijay

et al. 2022

Viruses

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SARS-CoV-2/influenza virus co-infection studies have focused on hospitalized patients who usually had grave sequelae. Here, we report SARS-CoV-2/influenza virus co-infection cases from both community and hospital settings reported through integrated ILI/SARI (Influenza Like Illness/Severe Acute Respiratory Infection) sentinel surveillance established by the Indian Council of Medical Research. We describe the disease progression and outcomes in these cases. Out of 13,467 samples tested from 4 July 2021–31 January 2022, only 5 (0.04%) were of SARS-CoV-2/influenza virus co-infection from 3 different sites in distinct geographic regions. Of these, three patients with extremes of age required hospital admission, but none required ICU admission or mechanical ventilation. No mortality was reported. The other two co-infection cases from community settings were managed at home. This is the first report on SARS-CoV-2/Influenza virus co-infection from community as well as hospital settings in India and shows that influenza viruses are circulating in the community even during COVID-19. The results emphasize the need for continuous surveillance for multiple respiratory pathogens for effective public health management of ILI/SARI cases in line with the WHO (World Health Organization) recommendations.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

SARS-CoV-2 and Influenza Virus Co-Infection Cases Identified through ILI/SARI Sentinel Surveillance: A Pan-India Report

Aggarwal

Potdar

Vijay

et al. 2022

Viruses

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“…Although the vaccinated mice were not fully protected, signi cantly decreased viral loads in lung sections as well as mild or inconspicuous lung damage were detected without symptoms of either disease, indicating distinct longterm protection against coinfection. Moreover, previous studies have reported a signi cant elevation of cytokine or chemokine expression in IAV-and SARS-CoV-2-coinfected animals, which may have an intrinsic correlation with in ammatory diseases 12,14 . Immunization with AR-CoV/IAV was shown to contribute to the reduction in numerous proin ammatory cytokines post-coinfection (Fig.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…Several recent studies were conducted to explore whether SARS-CoV-2 and in uenza virus coinfection leads to more serious diseases, and the results have suggested that in uenza virus infection e ciently facilitates SARS-CoV-2 entry into host cells, leading to prolonged pneumonia with more severe lung lesions than single infection [11][12][13] . Coinfection with SARS-CoV-2 and in uenza virus also causes more severe weight loss and a higher proportion of death in mammals [12][13][14][15] , likely resulting in a more serious threat especially during the u season 16 . Therefore, the development of a combined vaccine is urgently needed to reduce the risk of infection with both pathogens.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rational development of a combined mRNA vaccine against COVID-19 and influenza

Qin

et al. 2022

Preprint

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As the world continues to experience the COVID-19 pandemic, seasonal influenza remain a cause of severe morbidity and mortality globally. Worse yet, coinfection with SARS-CoV-2 and influenza A virus (IAV) leads to more severe clinical outcomes. The development of a combined vaccine against both COVID-19 and influenza is thus of high priority. Based on our established lipid nanoparticle (LNP)-encapsulated mRNA vaccine platform, we developed and characterized a novel mRNA vaccine encoding the HA antigen of influenza A (H1N1) virus, termed ARIAV. Then, ARIAV was combined with our COVID-19 mRNA vaccine ARCoV, which encodes the receptor binding domain (RBD) of the SARS-CoV-2 S protein, to formulate the final combined vaccine, AR-CoV/IAV. Further characterization demonstrated that immunization with two doses of AR-CoV/IAV elicited robust protective antibodies as well as antigen-specific cellular immune responses against SARS-CoV-2 and IAV. More importantly, AR-CoV/IAV immunization protected mice from coinfection with IAV and the SARS-CoV-2 Alpha and Delta variants. Our results highlight the potential of the LNP-mRNA vaccine platform in preventing COVID-19 and influenza, as well as other respiratory diseases.

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“…Animal experiments revealed that coinfection exacerbates pneumonia. 35 A discussion of this topic in the future is necessary.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of the clinical parameters of patients with COVID-19 and influenza using blood test data: a retrospective cross-sectional survey

et al. 2022

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Objective The characteristic features, including blood test data, of the novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) versus influenza have not been defined. We therefore compared the clinical parameters, including blood test data, of COVID-19 and influenza. Methods This retrospective cross-sectional survey was conducted at Juntendo University Nerima Hospital. We recruited patients diagnosed with COVID-19 between 1 January 2020 and 31 December 2020 who underwent blood tests. For comparison, we recruited an equivalent number of patients who were diagnosed with influenza and who underwent blood tests. Results During the study period, 228 patients (male:female, 123 [54.0%]:105 [46.0%]; age, 54.68 ± 18.98 years) were diagnosed with COVID-19. We also recruited 228 patients with influenza (male:female, 129 [56.6%]:99 [43.4%]; age, 69.6 ± 21.25 years). An age of 15 to 70 years (vs. 71 years), breathing difficulty, and malaise were significantly more common in patients with COVID-19 than in those with influenza. However, nausea, body temperature >38.1°C, and white blood cell count >9000/μL were more common in patients with influenza. Conclusions Our results are useful for differentiating COVID-19 from influenza, and these findings will be extremely helpful for future practice as we learn to coexist with COVID-19.

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Co-infection of SARS-CoV-2 and influenza virus causes more severe and prolonged pneumonia in hamsters

Cited by 49 publications

References 26 publications

SARS-CoV-2 and Influenza Virus Co-Infection Cases Identified through ILI/SARI Sentinel Surveillance: A Pan-India Report

SARS-CoV-2 and Influenza Virus Co-Infection Cases Identified through ILI/SARI Sentinel Surveillance: A Pan-India Report

Rational development of a combined mRNA vaccine against COVID-19 and influenza

Comparison of the clinical parameters of patients with COVID-19 and influenza using blood test data: a retrospective cross-sectional survey

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