Co‐expression of Bcl‐2 protein and vascular endothelial growth factor in hepatocellular carcinomas treated by chemoembolization

Kobayashi, Nao; Ishii, Motoyasu; Ueno, Yoshiyuki; Kisara, Norihiro; Chida, Noboru; Iwasaki, Takao; Toyota, Takayoshi

doi:10.1111/j.1478-3231.1999.tb00005.x

Cited by 65 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…Consequently, the level of active hypoxia-inducible-factor increases and raises the production of VEGF, which has also previously been demonstrated in animal and human studies (20,21). A follow-up intervention with different treatment modality, like microwave ablation in this case, might be able to impair ischemia-triggered tumor cells before more adverse effects can be caused by excessive levels of VEGF.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 62%

Study on the effect of chemoembolization combined with microwave ablation for the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma in rats

Vogl

Qian²,

Tran³

et al. 2017

Diagn Interv Radiol

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H epatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the fifth most common malignancy among men, and the seventh most common malignancy among women. Although morbidity and mortality are very high, no standardized treatment algorithm exists to date (1). Transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) is a frequently used interventional treatment for patients with inoperable HCC (2). Direct application of drugs into tumor feeding branches, allows for higher local chemotherapeutic concentrations with less systemic side effects. However, TACE has not been shown to notably prolong the overall survival rate, mainly due to local and distal tumor recurrence after treatment (3). Microwave ablation is a minimally invasive technique with low complication rate for the nonsurgical treatment of HCC (4). Electromagnetic waves at frequencies of 900-2450 MHz are used to induce coagulation necrosis. Polar molecules (mainly water dipoles) try to realign themselves with the direction of current in an electromagnetic field. The oscillation produced by constant realignment causes friction and a heating effect. However, it has been shown that local tumor control is highly dependent on complete tumor ablation, and recurrence in larger nodules (> 5 cm in diameter) is remarkably worse than in smaller ones (5, 6).Recently published studies imply that a combination of TACE and local ablation might have a synergistic effect on HCC (7). TACE leads to inflammatory edema, therefore increasing the watery content of the tumor, which the technique of microwave ablation uses to produce heat (8). Furthermore, central tumor parts in close vicinity to the probe receive the greatest thermal insult during physical ablation, while TACE works best on the better vascularized peripheral tumor areas (3). Trials with over 100 patients demonstrated that combined therapy of microwave ablation applied within six weeks after TACE can effective- 150From the Institute for Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology (T.J.V.  t.vogl@em.uni-frankfurt.de, A.T.,

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 62%

Study on the effect of chemoembolization combined with microwave ablation for the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma in rats

Vogl

Qian²,

Tran³

et al. 2017

Diagn Interv Radiol

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“…In fact, the precise effects of embolization on tumor cells remain largely unknown. In a recent study, Kobayashi et al [24] found that blood levels of vascular endothelial growth factor were markedly increased in patients who had been treated with embolization, suggesting a direct link among the degree of embolization, tumor hypoxia, and the stimulation of new blood vessels [24]. However, the impact of embolization on the patency of arteries directly responsible for feeding the tumor has not been evaluated.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Nearly identical proportions of tumor types, tumor sizes, portal venous thrombosis and degrees of hypervascularity at angiography among the three groups (Table 1) ensure that these variables would not confound arterial patency data. Seven patients had colorectal metastases (2, 4, and 1 in groups 1-3, respectively), 29 patients had neuroendocrine tumors (6, 17, and 6 in groups 1-3), and 101 had hepatocellular carcinoma (24,56, and 21 in groups 1-3). The mean greatest transverse tumor diameter measured by CT or MRI was 7.2, 8.3, and 7.9 cm for each group, respectively.…”

Section: Study Groupsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transcatheter Arterial Chemoembolization of Liver Tumors: Effects of Embolization Protocol on Injectable Volume of Chemotherapy and Subsequent Arterial Patency

Geschwind

Ramsey

Cleffken

et al. 2003

CardioVascular and Interventional Radiology

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The purpose of this study was to determine whether transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE) protocol affects the total volume of chemotherapy injected into the liver as well as subsequent arterial patency. A total of 160 patients with primary or secondary liver cancer were treated with 3 different chemoembolization protocols at a single institution. Data were analyzed retrospectively. Group 1 (n ϭ 36) consisted of slurry of chemotherapy, oil and polyvinyl alcohol particles (PVA), group 2 (n ϭ 91), chemotherapy and oil followed by PVA, and group 3 (n ϭ 33), chemotherapy and oil followed by Gelfoam pledgets. The total volume of chemotherapy injected into the liver was recorded. Arterial patency was determined during subsequent chemoembolizations. The mean percentage of total intended chemotherapy dose administered was 54.6% for group 1, 75.3% for group 2, and 80.6% for group 3. Arterial patency at follow-up angiography was 56% for group 1, 74% for group 2, and 81% for group 3. The slurry protocol (group 1) significantly reduced arterial patency and injectable volume of chemotherapy during TACE.

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“…An et al [27] found that preoperative TAE enhanced VEGF expression in both HCC cells and noncarcinoma liver cells. Kobayashi et al [28] reported that the frequency of Bcl-2 positive cells was higher in HCCs undergone TAE than that in HCCs not undergone TAE, and the immunohistochemical staining intensity for VEGF was higher in Bcl-2 positive than in Bcl-2 negative area. Suzuki et al [29] reported that the serum levels of VEGF in HCC patients increased significantly 7 d after TAE.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vascular endothelial growth factor antisense oligodeoxynucleotides with lipiodol in arterial embolization of liver cancer in rats

Wu¹,

Gao²,

Liang³

et al. 2004

WJG

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AIM:Transcatheter arterial embolization (TAE) of the hepatic artery has been accepted as an effective treatment for unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, embolized vessel recanalization and collateral circulation formation are the main factors of HCC growth and recurrence and metastasis after TAE. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) plays an important role in tumor angiogenesis. This study was to explore the inhibitory effect of VEGF antisense oligodeoxynucleotides (ODNs) on VEGF expression in cultured Walker-256 cells and to observe the anti-tumor effect of intra-arterial infusion of antisense ODNs mixed with lipiodol on rat liver cancer. METHODS:VEGF antisense ODNs and sense ODNs were added to the media of non-serum cultured Walker-256 cells. Forty-eight hours later, VEGF concentrations of supernatants were detected by ELISA. Endothelial cell line ECV-304 cells were cultured in the supernatants. Seventy-two hours later, growth of ECV-304 cells was analyzed by MTT method. Thirty Walker-256 cell implanted rat liver tumor models were divided into 3 groups. 0.2 mL lipiodol (LP group, n=10), 3OD antisense ODNs mixed with 0.2 mL lipiodol (LP+ODNs group, n=10) and 0.2 mL normal saline (control group, n=10) were infused into the hepatic artery. Volumes of tumors were measured by MRI before and 7 d after the treatment. VEGF mRNA in cancerous and peri-cancerous tissues was detected by RT-PCR. Microvessel density (MVD) and VEGF expression were observed by immunohistochemistry.

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Co‐expression of Bcl‐2 protein and vascular endothelial growth factor in hepatocellular carcinomas treated by chemoembolization

Abstract: TAE of HCC can induce Bcl-2 expression, possibly through anoxic stress.

Cited by 65 publications

References 28 publications

Study on the effect of chemoembolization combined with microwave ablation for the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma in rats

Study on the effect of chemoembolization combined with microwave ablation for the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma in rats

Transcatheter Arterial Chemoembolization of Liver Tumors: Effects of Embolization Protocol on Injectable Volume of Chemotherapy and Subsequent Arterial Patency

Vascular endothelial growth factor antisense oligodeoxynucleotides with lipiodol in arterial embolization of liver cancer in rats

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