Co-exposures of aflatoxins with deoxynivalenol and fumonisins from maize based complementary foods in Rombo, Northern Tanzania

Kimanya, Martin; Shirima, Candida P.; Magoha, Happy Steven; Shewiyo, Danstan H.; Meulenaer, Bruno De; Kolsteren, Patrick; Gong, Yun

doi:10.1016/j.foodcont.2013.12.034

Cited by 89 publications

(109 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…They are described as 'silent killers' since they are hard to detect and some are extremely toxic to both humans and animals (Haladi, 2014;Alimi and Workneh, 2015) due to damage they cause to by damaging the immune system (Mboya et al, 2012). The most important groups of mycotoxins that often occur in agricultural products such as maize grain and of public concerns are aflatoxins, zearalenone, deoxynivalenol (vomitoxin), fumonisins, and ochratoxin (Owaga et al, 2011;Kimanya et al, 2014). However, in SSA, the most prevalent classes of mycotoxins are aflatoxins and fumonisins (Lewis et al, 2005;Kimanya et al, 2008).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Postharvest Practices and Mycotoxins of Maize in Three Agro-Ecological Zones in Tanzania

Suleiman¹,

Rosentrater²,

Chove³

2017

2017 Spokane, Washington July 16 - July 19, 2017

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Maize is a major cereal crop in Tanzania and it is grown in diverse agro-ecological zones. Like other subSaharan countries, postharvest losses of maize during storage in Tanzania remain significantly high, especially for smallholder farmers. Unpredictable weather and poor postharvest practice contribute to rapid deterioration of grain and mold contamination, and subsequent production of mycotoxins. The purpose of this study was to assess the postharvest practices, awareness and knowledge of mycotoxin contamination in maize grain in three agro-ecological zones (Eastern, Central, and Northern) of Tanzania between November 2015 and February 2016. A survey using semi-structured questionnaires was administered to farmers, traders, and consumers of maize. A total of 90 people (30 from each zone) were surveyed with a response rate of was 96% (87). In addition, several samples of maize were collected and analyzed for aflatoxin, fumonisin, and Zearalenone contamination to validate the awareness and knowledge of mycotoxin contamination of maize. The result shows a high level of postharvest losses of maize mainly through insect infestation. Moreover, over 80% of the farmers, traders, and consumers of maize were unaware of mycotoxins contamination. All maize samples collected contained detected levels of mycotoxins. The maximum concentration of aflatoxins, fumonisin, and Zearalenone in maize samples was 19.20 ppb, 7.60 ppm, and 189.90 ppb respectively. Education intervention is necessary to decrease the disconnect observed between actual mycotoxin contamination and the awareness and knowledge of farmers, traders, and consumers of maize in Tanzania. Enhancing awareness and knowledge provide the opportunity to educate on post-harvest practices that reduce postharvest losses and mycotoxin of maize in Tanzania.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Postharvest Practices and Mycotoxins of Maize in Three Agro-Ecological Zones in Tanzania

Suleiman¹,

Rosentrater²,

Chove³

2017

2017 Spokane, Washington July 16 - July 19, 2017

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“…Several studies have been conducted in Tanzania on contamination of harvested, marketed and processed maize with aflatoxin and fumonisin [11,15,16] and on contamination of animal products from livestock fed with contaminated feed. The aim of this study was to investigate the level of contamination along the value chain, in different types of maize available in northern Tanzania.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Aflatoxins and fumonisin contamination of marketed maize, maize bran and maize used as animal feed in Northern Tanzania

Nyangi¹

2016

AJFAND

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The objective of this study was to investigate the occurrence of total aflatoxin and total fumonisin in maize and maize-based products in Babati, northern Tanzania. A total of 160 samples were collected in 2013-14. Quantification for total aflatoxin and fumonisin was done using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (Reveal AccuScan® Neogen, USA) and the results were confirmed using Liquid Chromatography Tandem Mass Spectrometer. Aflatoxin was detected in 32% of maize samples (mean 3.4 ± 0.3 µg/kg; range 2.1-16.2 µg/kg) and fumonisin in 39% of samples (mean 5.6 ± 1.40 mg/kg; range 0.4-62.0 mg/kg). Among marketed products, maize bran (used for animal feed) was the most contaminated (2.4 µg/kg aflatoxin and 1 mg/kg fumonisin), followed by whole maize in market stalls (1.9 µg/kg aflatoxin and 0.4 mg/kg fumonisin) and then maize flour (1.4 µg/kg aflatoxin and 0.3 mg/kg fumonisin). Un-marketed maize sorted out by farmers as "bad" and intended for animal feeding was the most contaminated (overall mean aflatoxin and fumonisin levels of 1.7 µg/kg and 7.4 mg/kg, respectively). The results indicate that levels of aflatoxin and fumonisin contamination in marketed maize were within tolerable limits.

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“…Children can be exposed to aflatoxins during pregnancy as the toxins pass from mother to fetus through the placental cord (Wild et al 1991). This exposure may continue during breastfeeding (Polychronaki et al 2006(Polychronaki et al , 2007Adejumo et al 2013;Magoha et al 2014b) and extend through the first 1,000 days of life during the introduction of complementary weaning foods (Gong et al 2003;Kimanya et al 2014). Individuals may also be exposed at any time of life through consumption of contaminated foods.…”

Section: Nutrition and Health Implicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Maize from markets and villages in Tanzania and Republic of the Congo showed mean aflatoxin levels ranging from 0.04 to 120 ppb (Manjula et al 2009 (Kimanya et al 2014;Magoha et al 2014a). These data indicate overwhelming challenges of aflatoxin exposure among infants from complementary foods introduced at early infancy (within three months of childbirth).…”

Section: East Africamentioning

confidence: 99%

Achieving a nutrition revolution for Africa: The road to healthier diets and optimal nutrition

Ayalew¹,

Hoffmann²,

Lindahl³

et al. 2016

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Focusing the 2015 Annual Trends and Outlook Report (ATOR) on nutrition will contribute to a broader understanding of the critical role of nutrition in achieving international, continental, and national economic growth targets through agriculture, food security, and nutrition. This report presents information and analysis in support of evidence-based policy making that should inform the second generation of CAADP national investment plans now being developed. This is an important moment for shaping the region’s future and ensuring that the much-needed agriculture-led growth and development agenda can simultaneously deliver on improving nutrition, saving lives, improving productivity and health, and curbing nutrition-related diseases and the associated public health expenditures. These investment plans should address not only the usual elements of undernutrition but also widespread micronutrient deficiencies (termed “hidden hunger”) and the growing problem of overweight and obesity that is associated with economic growth.1 introduction 2 The African union policy environment toward enabling action for nutrition in Africa 3 Africa’s progress toward meeting current nutrition targets 4 Economic development and nutrition transition in Ghana: taking stock of food consumption patterns and trends 5 Making African agriculture and food systems work for nutrition: what has been done, and what needs to be done? 6 Lessons learned from the evaluation of Helen Keller International’s enhanced homestead food production program 7 The role of biofortification as part of more diverse diets in Africa: progress, challenges, and opportunities 8 The role of mycotoxin contamination in nutrition: the aflatoxin story 9 The challenges, opportunities, and lessons learned in evidence-informed decision making in Africa 10 Evaluating nutrition-sensitive programs: challenges, methods, and opportunities 11 Supporting multisectoral action: capacity and nutrition leadership challenges facing Africa 12 Tracking key CAADP indicators and implementation processes 13 Summary and policy recommendations: toward a nutrition revolution for AfricaReportPRIFPRI1; ReSAKSS; HarvestPlus; B Promoting healthy food systemsDSGD; WCAO; ESAO; HarvestPlus; PHND; A4NH; MTIDCGIAR Research Program on Agriculture for Nutrition and Health (A4NH

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Co-exposures of aflatoxins with deoxynivalenol and fumonisins from maize based complementary foods in Rombo, Northern Tanzania

Cited by 89 publications

References 17 publications

Postharvest Practices and Mycotoxins of Maize in Three Agro-Ecological Zones in Tanzania

Postharvest Practices and Mycotoxins of Maize in Three Agro-Ecological Zones in Tanzania

Aflatoxins and fumonisin contamination of marketed maize, maize bran and maize used as animal feed in Northern Tanzania

Achieving a nutrition revolution for Africa: The road to healthier diets and optimal nutrition

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