Co-distribution, possible origins, status and potential health risk of trace elements in surface water sources from six major river basins, Bangladesh

Quantifying Source Apportionment, Co‐occurrence, and Ecotoxicological Risk of Metals from Upstream, Lower Midstream, and Downstream River Segments, Bangladesh

“…This rise in Zn and Cu may be attributed to bedrock fragmentation, extensive use of pesticides and fertilizers, and municipal waste disposal (Islam et al 2015). These findings are also in agreement with the findings of Islam et al (2020b), who found elevated concentrations of Cu and Zn in the waters of the Meghna and Sitalakha Rivers. The As value recorded in the lower midstream (14.76 mg/kg) was greater than the average shale value (ASV; 13 mg/kg) but was lower in the other segments.…”

“…High loading was found for Fe, Mn, Cr, and Ni (40.8% of the variance), suggesting analogous point and nonpoint sources within the river systems. Earlier studies found a similar spatial pattern (Liu et al 2015; Islam et al 2020b). High positive loading on PC2 (22.1%) was found for Cu and As, whereas Pb and Cd had high positive loading on PC3 and PC4 (14.4 and 11.9%, respectively).…”

“…Zhang et al (2018) also reported elevated Cd concentrations in sediment in the vicinity of agricultural lands. In the downstream areas (the Pashur and Rupsha Rivers), high Cd levels were reported, due to industrial activities in the Khulna region (Islam et al 2020b).…”

“…Bangladesh has a mainly subtropical humid monsoonal climate with temperatures varying from 7 to 13 °C to 24 to 31 °C. The river systems are strongly influenced by the monsoon rainy season, when approximately 80% of the annual flow and 90% of the annual sediments are discharged into the Bay of Bengal (Islam et al 2020b). The upstream part (Teesta and Kortoya Rivers) has a fluvial environment and dry humid climate conditions, with major land‐use characteristics of vegetation cover (60.6%), agriculture land (27.4%), and wetland (6.2%; Supplemental Data, Figure S1).…”

Evaluation of water quantity–quality, floodplain landuse, and land surface temperature (LST) of Turag River in Bangladesh: an integrated approach of geospatial, field, and laboratory analyses

“…Kabir et al [12] employed a water quality index along with a statistical approach to evaluate spatiotemporal variations of water quality in the Shitalakhya River, Bangladesh. Islam et al [13] have investigated the origin and distribution of trace elements in six major river basins, Bangladesh. Nowadays, the issue of the impacts of industrialization on the surface water quality has drawn attention to the researchers of Bangladesh.…”