Co-digestive ripening assisted phase-controlled synthesis of Ag–Sn intermetallic nanoparticles and their dye degradation activity

Abstract

Ag-Sn based system at nano size regime is one of the strongest candidates of lead-free solders. Besides, investigation of several other applications of Ag-Sn nanostructures, especially in catalysis, remains scarce...

Phase‐Controlled Pd‐Sn Nanostructures via Co‐Digestive Ripening: Catalytic Performance for Base‐Free Oxidation of Benzyl Alcohol

“…The effect of the stoichiometric ratio of metal elements and temperature on the phases in the case of co-digestive ripening have also been demonstrated earlier in the literature reports. [28][29][30]…”

“…[25][26][27] Co-digestive ripening is a unique approach that has been successfully employed to synthesize various alloy and intermetallic nanostructures earlier. [28][29][30][31] In this process, colloids of individual metal elements are mixed at room temperature, followed by refluxing in a suitable solvent in the presence of the digestive ripening agent or capping agent. [24] It involves the ligand-assisted interparticle atom transfer during reflux, facilitating the formation of bimetallic structures.…”

“…Since the process of codigestive ripening involves the transfer of atoms from one nanoparticle to another, it is thus possible to obtain bimetallic structures with different sizes and compositions by modulating the parameters such as the stoichiometric ratio of the starting colloids, reflux temperature, and digestive ripening agent, however, much more conveniently than other synthetic methodologies. [28][29][30] The colloids utilized for co-digestive ripening were prepared by the solvated metal atom dispersion (SMAD) approach, an effective way to prepare stable and homogeneous colloids of metal nanoparticles developed by Klabunde and co-workers. [33] No metal salt precursor or reducing agents are used in this process, which renders the approach facile and involves no tedious purification procedures.…”

“…Numerous routes, such as the wet chemical method, chemical reduction method, and oil‐bath method have been employed for their synthesis, however, scale‐up, monodispersity of particle size, phase purity and reproducibility remain as challenges [25–27] . Co‐digestive ripening is a unique approach that has been successfully employed to synthesize various alloy and intermetallic nanostructures earlier [28–31] . In this process, colloids of individual metal elements are mixed at room temperature, followed by refluxing in a suitable solvent in the presence of the digestive ripening agent or capping agent [24] .…”

“…This method enables the synthesis of size, shape and phase controlled bimetallic nanoparticles at milder temperatures than those used in conventional techniques. Since the process of co‐digestive ripening involves the transfer of atoms from one nanoparticle to another, it is thus possible to obtain bimetallic structures with different sizes and compositions by modulating the parameters such as the stoichiometric ratio of the starting colloids, reflux temperature, and digestive ripening agent, however, much more conveniently than other synthetic methodologies [28–30] . The colloids utilized for co‐digestive ripening were prepared by the solvated metal atom dispersion (SMAD) approach, an effective way to prepare stable and homogeneous colloids of metal nanoparticles developed by Klabunde and co‐workers [33] .…”