Introduction
Chemotherapeutic drugs are used in combination to target multiple
mechanisms involved in cancer cell survival and proliferation. Carriers are
developed to deliver drug combinations to common target tissues in optimal
ratios and desirable sequences. Nanoparticles (NP) have been a popular
choice for this purpose due to their ability to increase the circulation
half-life and tumor accumulation of a drug.
Areas covered
We review organic NP carriers based on polymers, proteins, peptides,
and lipids for simultaneous delivery of multiple anticancer drugs,
drug/sensitizer combinations, drug/photodynamic- or photothermal therapy
combinations, and drug/gene therapeutics with examples in the past three
years. Sequential delivery of drug combinations, based on either sequential
administration or built-in release control, is introduced with an emphasis
on the mechanistic understanding of such control.
Expert opinion
Recent studies demonstrate how a drug carrier can contribute to
co-localizing drug combinations in optimal ratios and dosing sequences to
maximize the synergistic effects. We identify several areas for improvement
in future research, including the choice of drug combinations, circulation
stability of carriers, spatiotemporal control of drug release, and the
evaluation and clinical translation of combination delivery.