Co-culture of Vel1-overexpressed Trichoderma asperellum and Bacillus amyloliquefaciens: An eco-friendly strategy to hydrolyze the lignocellulose biomass in soil to enrich the soil fertility, plant growth and disease resistance

Abstract

Background Retention of agricultural bio-mass residues without proper treatment could affect the subsequent plant growth. In the present investigation, the co-cultivation of genetically engineered T. asperellum and B. amyloliquefaciens has been employed for multiple benefits including the enrichment of lignocellulose biodegradation, plant growth, defense potential and disease resistance. Results The Vel1 gene predominantly regulates the secondary metabolites, sexual and asexual development as well as cellulases and polysaccharide hydrolases productions. Overexpression mutant of the Trichoderma asperellum Vel1 locus (TA OE-Vel1) enhanced the activity of FPAase, CMCase, PNPCase, PNPGase, xylanase I, and xylanase II through the regulation of transcription regulating factors and the activation of cellulase and xylanase encoding genes. Further, these genes were induced upon co-cultivation with Bacillus amyloliquefaciens (BA). The co-culture of TA OE-Vel1 + BA produced the best composition of enzymes and the highest biomass hydrolysis yield of 89.56 ± 0.61%. The co-culture of TA OE-Vel1 + BA increased the corn stover degradation by the secretion of cellulolytic enzymes and maintained the C/N ratio of the corn stover amended soil. Moreover, the TA OE-Vel1 + BA increased the maize plant growth, expression of defense gene and disease resistance against Fusarium verticillioides and Cohilohorus herostrophus. Conclusion The co-cultivation of genetically engineered T. asperellum and B. amyloliquefaciens could be utilized as a profound and meaningful technique for the retention of agro residues and subsequent plant growth.

Bioaugmentation of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens-Bacillus kochii co-cultivation to improve sensory qualities of flue-cured tobacco

“…Previous studies have reported that B. amyloliquefaciens has an eco-friendly effect with other strains. Valliappan K. et al (2021) thought that the co-cultivation with B. amyloliquefaciens induced the enzymes related in metabolic pathways by offering differentiated cellular environs. B. amyloliquefaciens used in the co-cultivation with rhizobacteria (Chowdhury S. P. et al 2015) and T. asperellum (Karuppiah V. et al, 2019 b) by secreting multiple hydrolytic enzymes.…”

Genome sequence and Carbohydrate Active Enzymes (CAZymes) repertoire of the thermophilic Caldicoprobacter algeriensis TH7C1T

“…Thus, the number of CAZymes families increases exponentially by about four new GH families per year [ 10 ]. This broad diversity has allowed their use in plenty of industrial applications as they have been described to offer attractive opportunities in a wide range of biotechnological applications such as animal feed, biocatalysis, agriculture, biorefinery, glycoengineering and biobleaching industries [ 11 – 16 ]. Along with classical methods, various omics approaches are presently applied in the field of biology for the discovery of potential CAZymes.…”

Co-cultivation, metal stress and molasses: strategies to improving exopolymeric yield and metal removal efficacy

“…Another example is the co-culturing of Trichoderma asperellum with Bacillus spp. (e.g., T. asperellum and Billus subtilis, T. asperellum and Bacillus amyloliquefaciens) in which improved metal removal efficacy was attributed to the many functional groups present in the complex glycopeptides produced [20][21][22]. The second approach is to induce EPS production by providing metal stress.…”

“…It is expected that the findings in this study would contribute to a better understanding on yield and quality improvement of EPS as a strategy for future wastewater treatment. [20][21][22]. This co-culture of microbial cells (bacteria and fungi) is expected to potentially improve EPS quality and yield [14].…”