“…Similar aggregation followed by flocculation was previously related in biotechnology-focused fungal microalgal co-culture [77]. Such aggregation reflects the epiphytic nature of P. lima which needs to attach to objects in order to form biofilm [70].…”
The comprehension of microbial interactions is one of the key challenges in microbial ecology. The present study focuses on studying the chemical interaction between the toxic dinoflagellate Prorocentrum lima PL4V strain and associated fungal strains (two Penicillium sp. strains and three Aspergillus sp) among which the Aspergillus pseudoglaucus strain MMS1589 was selected for further co-culture experiment. Such rarely studied interaction (fungal-microalgal) was explored in axenic and non-axenic conditions, in a dedicated microscale marine environment (hybrid solid/liquid conditions), to delineate specialized metabolome alteration in relation to the P. lima and A. pseudoglaucus co-culture in regard to the presence of their associated bacteria. Such alteration was monitored by high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to high-resolution mass spectrometry (LC-HRMS). In-depth analysis of the resulting data highlighted (1) the chemical modification associated to fungal-microalgal co-culture, and (2) the impact of associated bacteria in microalgal resilience to fungal interaction. Even if only a very low number of highlighted metabolites were fully characterised due to the poor chemical investigation of the studied species, a clear co-culture induction of the dinoflagellate toxins okadaic acid and dinophysistoxin 1 was observed. Such results highlight the importance to consider microalgal microbiome to study parameters regulating toxin production. Finally, a microscopic observation showed an unusual physical interaction between the fungal mycelium and the dinoflagellates.
“…Similar aggregation followed by flocculation was previously related in biotechnology-focused fungal microalgal co-culture [77]. Such aggregation reflects the epiphytic nature of P. lima which needs to attach to objects in order to form biofilm [70].…”
The comprehension of microbial interactions is one of the key challenges in microbial ecology. The present study focuses on studying the chemical interaction between the toxic dinoflagellate Prorocentrum lima PL4V strain and associated fungal strains (two Penicillium sp. strains and three Aspergillus sp) among which the Aspergillus pseudoglaucus strain MMS1589 was selected for further co-culture experiment. Such rarely studied interaction (fungal-microalgal) was explored in axenic and non-axenic conditions, in a dedicated microscale marine environment (hybrid solid/liquid conditions), to delineate specialized metabolome alteration in relation to the P. lima and A. pseudoglaucus co-culture in regard to the presence of their associated bacteria. Such alteration was monitored by high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to high-resolution mass spectrometry (LC-HRMS). In-depth analysis of the resulting data highlighted (1) the chemical modification associated to fungal-microalgal co-culture, and (2) the impact of associated bacteria in microalgal resilience to fungal interaction. Even if only a very low number of highlighted metabolites were fully characterised due to the poor chemical investigation of the studied species, a clear co-culture induction of the dinoflagellate toxins okadaic acid and dinophysistoxin 1 was observed. Such results highlight the importance to consider microalgal microbiome to study parameters regulating toxin production. Finally, a microscopic observation showed an unusual physical interaction between the fungal mycelium and the dinoflagellates.
“…It has been reported that microalgal cells to treat wastewater can be recovered by physical, chemical, and biological methods. − The developed physical methods to harvest microalgal cells have centrifugation, filtration, floatation, and gravity sedimentation. , Centrifugation and filtration are characterized by high investment and high energy consumption, which are far beyond the estimation. , The developed floatation processes such as dissolved air flotation and dispersed air flotation generally require the use of chemical flocculants to alter bubble surface charge and then harvest the destabilized microalgal cells; however, the used chemical flocculants can contaminate the harvested biomass and affect the downstream processing for biofuel production . Although gravity sedimentation is viewed as a simple and inexpensive way, this process to harvest microalgal cells usually needs long time (several days) and leads to the deterioration of this obtained biomass .…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Although gravity sedimentation is viewed as a simple and inexpensive way, this process to harvest microalgal cells usually needs long time (several days) and leads to the deterioration of this obtained biomass . Chemical approaches with organic and inorganic flocculants can achieve high efficiencies, but the excessive flocculants pose new environmental problems, and valuable biomass with flocculants may decrease the biodiesel quality . To overcome these drawbacks, the biological solution with a specific filamentous fungus is proved to be an economical and green strategy for microalgae harvesting. − At present, filamentous fungi, such as Aspergillus, Trichoderma, and Penicillium species, have been applied to harvest microalgal cells. , It is noted that these mentioned filamentous fungi are mainly used to harvest microalgal cells cultivated in synthetic medium.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Chemical approaches with organic and inorganic flocculants can achieve high efficiencies, but the excessive flocculants pose new environmental problems, and valuable biomass with flocculants may decrease the biodiesel quality . To overcome these drawbacks, the biological solution with a specific filamentous fungus is proved to be an economical and green strategy for microalgae harvesting. − At present, filamentous fungi, such as Aspergillus, Trichoderma, and Penicillium species, have been applied to harvest microalgal cells. , It is noted that these mentioned filamentous fungi are mainly used to harvest microalgal cells cultivated in synthetic medium. To the best of our knowledge, only several pioneering works selected filamentous fungi to harvest microalgal cells derived from the secondary effluent from seafood processing plants, molasses wastewater, diluted swine wastewater (diluting 20 times), arsenic-contaminated wastewater, and aquaculture wastewater. − It is well known that the bioflocculation efficiency of a specific filamentous fungus is associated with the source of wastewater. , To achieve high bioflocculation efficiency, it is necessary to develop an efficient and viable bioflocculation process to harvest C.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…To date, microalgal harvesting strategies mediated by filamentous fungi are classified as fungal spore-assisted and fungal pellet-assisted microalgal bioflocculation techniques. ,, In comparison to the fungal spore-assisted bioflocculation method, the fungal pellet-assisted bioflocculation method takes a shorter time to harvest algal cells as demonstrated in previous studies. ,, Available studies have revealed that a filamentous fungus has its individual feature to attach cells from a specific microalga species. − Therefore, it is necessary to obtain a suitable filamentous fungus to efficiently harvest C. vulgaris MBFJNU-1 cells in OSW.…”
Biological approach is a promising
method to efficiently harvest
microalgal cells after the wastewater treatment by microalgae. This
work aimed to develop an efficient bioflocculation process with a
newly isolated filamentous fungus to harvest microalgal cells from
the treatment of original swine wastewater (OSW) by Chlorella vulgaris MBFJNU-1 and primarily grope the
individual mechanism for this bioflocculation. C. vulgaris MBFJNU-1 performed well growth and nutrient removal (total nitrogen,
72.29–90.98%; NH4
+-N, 97.18–97.80%;
and total phosphorus, 47.51–70.77%) after the OSW treatment.
Among the isolated filamentous fungi, Aspergillus oryzae exhibited a superior feature to harvest microalgal cells in the
OSW treatment by microalga. Under the optimized conditions, the fungal
pellet-assisted method with the newly isolated A. oryzae to harvest C. vulgaris cells achieved
the highest bioflocculation efficiency (>90%). Moreover, the obtained
results suggested that specific components on fungal pellet-derived
cell walls belonged to glycoprotein, playing vital roles in the attachment
of Chlorella cells. Furthermore, the
fungal–microalgal biomass had around 27% lipid with over 90%
C16 + C18, which was the promising feedstock for sustainable and renewable
biodiesel production. Taken together, the bioflocculation process
mediated with the newly isolated A. oryzae was a promising approach to harvest algal cells from wastewater
treatment for sustainable biofuels.
This study aimed to determine the best fungi to form the algal-bacterial-fungal symbionts and identify the optimal conditions for the synchronous processing of biogas slurry and biogas. Chlorella vulgaris (C. vulgaris) and endophytic bacteria (S395-2) isolated from it, and four different fungi (Ganoderma lucidum, Pleurotus ostreatus, Pleurotus geesteranus, and Pleurotus corucopiae) were used to form different symbiotic systems. Four different concentrations of GR24 were added to systems to examine the growth characteristics, the content of chlorophyll a (CHL-a), the activity of carbonic anhydrase (CA), the photosynthetic performance, the removal of nutrients, and the biogas purification performance. The results suggested that the growth rate, CA, CHL-a content, and photosynthetic performance of the C. vulgaris-endophytic bacteria-Ganoderma lucidum symbionts were higher than the other three symbiotic systems when 10 À9 M GR24 was added. The highest nutrients/CO 2 removal efficiency 78.36 ± 6.98% for chemical oxygen demand (COD), 81.63 ± 7.35% for total nitrogen (TN), 84.05 ± 7.16% for total phosphorus (TP), and 65.18 ± 6.12% for CO 2 was obtained under the above optimal conditions. This approach will provide a theoretical basis for the selection and optimization of the algal-bacterial-fungal symbionts for biogas slurry and biogas purification.
Practitioner Points• Algae-bacteria/fungal symbiont presents superior nutrients and CO2 removal capacities.• The maximum CO2 removal efficiency was 65.18 ± 6.12%.• The removal performance was affected by fungi type.
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