Co-cultivation of Trichoderma asperellum GDFS1009 and Bacillus amyloliquefaciens 1841 Causes Differential Gene Expression and Improvement in the Wheat Growth and Biocontrol Activity

Abstract

In an effort to balance the demands of plant growth promoting and biological control agents in a single product, the technology on the co-cultivation of two microbes, Trichoderma asperellum GDFS1009 and Bacillus amyloliquefaciens 1841 has been developed and demonstrated its effectiveness in synergistic interactions and its impact on the plant growth and biocontrol potential. In this study, optimization of T. asperellum and B. amyloliquefaciens growth in a single medium was carried out using response surface methodology (RSM). The optimal medium for enhanced growth was estimated as 2% yeast extract, 2% molasses and 2% corn gluten meal. T. asperellum evolved the complicated molecular mechanisms in the co-culture by the induction of BLR-1/BLR-2, VELVET, and NADPH oxidases genes. In performance with these genes, conserved signaling pathways, such as heterotrimeric G proteins and mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) had also involved in this molecular orchestration. The co-cultivation induced the expression of T. asperellum genes related to secondary metabolism, mycoparasitism, antioxidants and plant growth. On the other hand, the competition during co-cultivation induced the production of new compounds that are not detected in axenic cultures. In addition, the co-culture significantly enhanced the plant growth and protection against Fusarium graminearum . The present study demonstrated the potential of co-cultivation technology could be a used to grow the T. asperellum GDFS1009 and B. amyloliquefaciens 1841 synergistically to improve the production of mycoparasitism related enzymes, secondary metabolites, and plant growth promoting compounds to significantly enhance the plant growth and protection against plant pathogens.

Synergisms of Microbial Consortia, N Forms, and Micronutrients Alleviate Oxidative Damage and Stimulate Hormonal Cold Stress Adaptations in Maize

“…Trichoderma-Bacillus combinations are among the well-documented examples in this context. Although co-cultivation of Trichoderna and Bacillus strains on artificial growth media was frequently characterized by antagonisms (Gyu Kim et al, 2008), in many plant species, including Oryza sativa (Ali and Nadarajah, 2014), Triticum aestivum (Karuppiah et al, 2019), Cicer arietinum (Zaim et al, 2018), Solanum melongena and Capsicum annuum (Abeysinghe, 2009), synergistic beneficial effects were reported after co-inoculation. This included stimulation of germination and growth promotion, as well as biocontrol effects against fungal pathogens, such as Rhizoctonia, Fusarium and Pythium, known as important damping-off diseases in cold and wet soils with potential relevance also for the present study.…”

Looking at the Origin: Some Insights into the General and Fermentative Microbiota of Vineyard Soils

“…Soil microbes that colonize the plant at the root can move through the plant to colonize the rest of the tissues, promoting plant health or causing different diseases. To help the plant microbiome fight against pathogens, microorganism inoculation has been used in several crops, including vineyards, in an attempt to control plant pathogens using biological agents [11,13,14]. Moreover, the possibility that plant inhabiting microorganisms could influence the flavor and productivity of grapes, impacting the organoleptic characteristics of wine, has been reported [12].…”

Trichoderma virens Gl006 and Bacillus velezensis Bs006: a compatible interaction controlling Fusarium wilt of cape gooseberry

“…For instance, Wu et al 16 evaluated the antimicrobial effect of co-culturing Trichoderma asperellum GDFS1009 and Bacillus amyloliquefaciens ACCC11060 in BP broth (beef extract 0.3% and peptone 0.5%) finding the greatest effects against Botrytis cinerea by the supernatant from the co-culture than individual treatments. Other study demonstrated that in vitro co-culture of T. asperellum GDFS1009 and B. amyloliquefaciens 1841 induced the production of compounds not detected under pure cultures, attributed to the competition between them 17 . According to these findings, studies between Trichoderma spp.…”