Co-Combustion of Refuse-Derived and Packaging-Derived Fuels (Rdf and Pdf) With Conventional Fuels

Manninen, Helena; Peltola, Kari; Ruuskanen, Juhani

doi:10.1177/0734242x9701500203

Cited by 31 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…In these calculations, the emissivity is assumed to be 0.97 [26] and the convective heat transfer coefficient (h) of 15 W m À2 K À1 , as quoted by Fangrat et al [30], is used in Equation (9). The numerical value of T ig is calculated from the energy balance applied to the critical heat flux…”

Section: Integral Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Fire properties of surrogate refuse-derived fuels

2006

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SUMMARYThis paper investigates the fundamental fire properties of surrogate refuse-derived fuels (RDF), a class of multicomponent materials characterized by high void fraction, with particles of polydisperse sizes and significant internal porosity. A surrogate RDF was developed to improve the reproducibility of experimental measurements. This surrogate RDF reflects typical municipal solid waste collected in the city of Newcastle, in the state of New South Wales in Australia. The material consists of shredded newspaper, wood, grass and plastic bags, with small amounts of sugar and bread. About 95% of the material passes through 50 mm square screens, as required by ASTM E828 standard for RDF-3 specification. The experiments presented in this paper were performed with the components of the RDF dried in a forced-air oven at 1038 C, except for grass which was dried under nitrogen. The material was found to be very hygroscopic, requiring special care in handling. The experiments performed in the cone calorimeter were designed to measure the heat release rate, total heat release, time to ignition, time to extinction, effective heat of combustion and formation of CO during the combustion process, as a function of sample thickness, sample density and the magnitude of the imposed radiative heat flux. The thermophysical properties of the surrogate material were either measured (solid density, void space, particle density, particle porosity) or extracted from the published data (heat capacity). The present surrogate RDF material was found to ignite easily, within a few seconds of the imposition of the incident heat flux of 40 kW m À2 , and then to reach rapidly the peak heat release rate of 110-165 kW m À2 . The deduced values of the critical heat flux, pyrolysis temperature and effective thermal conductivity are 9-10 ( AE 2) kW m , respectively, depending on the material density. The effective heat of combustion of the RDF was estimated as 15.3 MJ kg À1 . The material produced 1 kg of CO per 18 kg of dried RDF, mostly during smouldering phase after the extinguishment of the flaming combustion. These results indicate that dried RDF pose significant fire risks, requiring that fire safety systems be implemented in facilities handling RDF.

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Section: Integral Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Fire properties of surrogate refuse-derived fuels

2006

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“…The analysis suggested the greatest impacts were likely to be from emissions of mercury and cadmium at cement works and brown-coalfired plants. Several pilot plant studies with co-combustion of RDF with wood chips, coal, and peat suggest the increase in NOx, HCl, particulate matters, and heavy metals (Cu, Cr and Pb) (10)(11)13). The alkaline environment in the kiln neutralizes acid gases (HCl and SO2).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…SRF is more homogeneous and less contaminated than the generic RDF. RDF has been historically used in industrial and boiler applications (10)(11)(12)(13)(14)(15)(16)(17) and combustion studies for other waste-derived fuels such as tires, sewage sludge, and MSW exist. However, along with similar potential fuels (18,19), there is currently market confusion over the incentives and legal position for SRF.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Wastes as Co-Fuels: The Policy Framework for Solid Recovered Fuel (SRF) in Europe, with UK Implications

Garg

Smith

Hill

et al. 2007

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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European Union (EU) member states are adopting the mechanical-biological treatment (MBT) of municipal solid waste (MSW) to comply with EU Landfill Directive (LD) targets on landfill diversion. We review the policy framework for MSW-derived solid recovered fuel (SRF), composed of paper, plastic, and textiles, in the energy-intensive industries. A comparatively high calorific value (15-18 MJ/ kg) fuel, SRF has the potential to partially replace fossil fuel in energy-intensive industries, alongside MSW in dedicated combustion facilities. Attempts by the European standards organization (CEN) to classify fuel properties consider net calorific value (CV) and chlorine and mercury content. However, the particle size, moisture content, and fuel composition also require attention and future studies must address these parameters. We critically review the implications of using SRF as a co-fuel in thermal processes. A thermodynamic analysis provides insight into the technical and environmental feasibility of cocombusting SRF in coal-fired power plants and cement kilns. Results indicate the use of SRF as co-fuel can reduce global warming and acidification potential significantly. This policy analysis is of value to waste managers, policy specialists, regulators, and the waste management research community.

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“…-11 -Dioxins were detected in fly ash from municipal and industrial incinerators [17] [18] [19] [20], city dust, in commercial sludge fertilizer, as well as in the cigarette smoke and soot from home fire places [21]. There are roughly 3 000 incinerators in Japan of which 960g-TEQ/year dioxins came from the industrial waste incinerators [22].…”

Section: Dioxin Emission Sourcesmentioning

confidence: 99%