Co-circulation of genetically diverse population of vaccine related and unrelated respiratory mycoplasmas and viruses in UK poultry flocks with health or production problems

Unraveling the Global Phylodynamic and Phylogeographic Expansion of Mycoplasma gallisepticum: Understanding the Origin and Expansion of This Pathogen in Ecuador

“…In addition, several clades included in the virulent group of MG were segregated with statistic support based on bootstrap values >50%; however, since a clear relationship between clade-specific and phenotype-specific could not be established, an additional classification based on clades was found to be worthless ( Figure 1 B). The topological reconstruction from the mgc2 obtained in the current study concurred with the overall reconstruction obtained in previous publications using the mgc2 marker to phylogenetically classify different strains of MG [ 20 , 21 , 22 ]. Notoriously, different research groups have suggested different strategies, targeting multiple genes in order to obtain a higher level of discrimination, including random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) [ 44 ], gene-targeted sequencing (GTS) [ 45 ], and the most recent multilocus sequence typing assay (MLST) [ 46 ].…”

“…It is relevant to note that the mgc2 gene has been widely employed for diagnostic purposes for the detection of MG using qPCR assays [ 14 , 15 , 16 ] and even the current technologies based on loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) [ 17 ]. Likewise, the mgc2 gene has been extensively used for molecular characterization of MG isolates from different countries, including Jordan [ 18 ] and Egypt [ 19 ], as well as for phylogenetic approaches in isolates from the United Kingdom [ 20 ], Russia [ 21 ], and Iran [ 22 ]. However, despite the practical use of the mgc2 gene to detect and characterize different field strains of MG, there is a lack of information regarding the reliability of the mgc2 gene as a molecular marker for phylogenetic, phylodynamic, and phylogeographic approaches.…”

What is new on molecular characteristics of Avian metapneumovirus strains circulating in Europe?

“…Despite these reports, molecular data on aMPV strains circulating in Europe are still poor and scattered (Catelli et al., 2004; Cecchinato, Drigo, et al, 2013; Listorti et al., 2014; Franzo et al., 2017; Tucciarone et al., 2017, 2018; Ball, Forrester, & Ganapathy, 2018; Andreopoulou et al., 2019), as most of them originate from few countries. In the last decades, subtype B has been generally the most frequently encountered subtype in Europe, although subtype A has been sporadically reported (Lupini, Cecchinato, Ricchizzi, Naylor, & Catelli, 2011).…”

Integrated Transcriptomic and Proteomic Analyses of the Interaction Between Chicken Synovial Fibroblasts and Mycoplasma synoviae

“…The clinical characteristics of MS infection are well known (Catania et al, 2016a;Sun et al, 2017;Ball et al, 2018;Kordafshari et al, 2019;Lorenc et al, 2019;Wu et al, 2019), and a number of genomic, proteomic, phenotype microarrays, and other analyses have been conducted. However, only a few MS proteins, including variable lipoprotein hemagglutinin (Narat et al, 1998;Lavric et al, 2007), cysteine protease (Cizelj et al, 2011), neuraminidase (Bercic et al, 2011), the putative nuclease MS53_0284 (Vasconcelos et al, 2005;Cizelj et al, 2016), and matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) (Cizelj et al, 2016), have been identified as virulence determinants.…”