Co-Circulation of Echovirus 6 and 30 with Coxsackievirus A6 Among Children with Hand, Foot, and Mouth Disease in Ahvaz, Southwest Iran

Rasti, Mojtaba; Rastegarvand, Nasrin; Makvandi, Manoochehr; Teimoori, Ali; Azaran, Azarakhsh

doi:10.5812/archcid.83522

Cited by 2 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 34 publications

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“…In European and Mediterranean races (like Iran), the virus is mainly neurotropic, but in Asians, it is more likely to develop HFMD. Up until now, all reported EV-A71 cases in Iran have been Neurologic ( 13 , 14 , 16 ), and regarding the recent and only molecular study on HFMD cases documented in 2019 in Ahvaz, that no EV-A71 was isolated from 16 HFMD patients, there has been no reported case of HFMD in Iran so far ( 27 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

First seroepidemiological investigation of human enterovirus 71 in Iran

Javadi¹,

Nejati²,

Yousefi³

et al. 2021

IJM

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Background and Objectives: Human Enterovirus 71 (EV-A71) is the causative agent for many dermal to neurological diseases especially polio-like paralysis outbreaks around the world. This study, the first of this kind in Iran, aimed to find neu- tralizing antibodies against EV-A71 in serum of healthy individuals in different age groups based on neutralization test (NT). Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 547 serum samples were collected from healthy individuals who were referring for routine checkup tests (aged from under 6 months to over 31 years old) to Imam-Khomeini Hospital in Tehran during January-December 2015. Serum samples were examined by NT in cell culture to detect neutralizing antibodies against EV-A71. In the next step, some of the positive samples were subjected to complete titration to determine the exact titer of anti-EV-A71 antibodies. Results: Of 547 samples, 310 (56.7%) were positive for EV-A71 neutralizing antibody. The presence of the antibody in- creased with age (p<0.001), and there was a significant statistical relationship between sex and the presence of antibody (p=0.009). Conclusion: Our results demonstrated an apparent but limited circulation of EV-A71 in our society. After the worldwide eradication of poliovirus, EV-A71 which can cause polio-likes syndrome, might be the new challenge for our health care system as regard more in depth research is however needed.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

First seroepidemiological investigation of human enterovirus 71 in Iran

Javadi¹,

Nejati²,

Yousefi³

et al. 2021

IJM

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A Large-Scale Outbreak of Echovirus 30 in Gansu Province of China in 2015 and Its Phylodynamic Characterization

Chen

Han

et al. 2020

Front. Microbiol.

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Background: Echovirus 30 (E-30) has been investigated and reported worldwide and is closely associated with several infectious diseases, including encephalitis; myocarditis; and hand, foot, and mouth disease. Although many E-30 outbreaks associated with encephalitis have been reported around the world, it was not reported in northwest China until 2015. Methods: The clinical samples, including the feces, serum, throat swabs, and cerebrospinal fluid, were collected for this study and were analyzed for diagnosis. E-30 was isolated and processed according to the standard procedures. The epidemiological and phylogenetic analysis were performed to indicate the characteristics of E-30 outbreaks and phylodynamics of E-30 in China. Results: The E-30 outbreaks affected nine towns of Gansu Province in 2015, starting at a school of Nancha town and spreading to other towns within 1 month. The epidemiological features showed that children aged 6-15 years were more susceptible to E-30 infection. The genotypes B and C cocirculated in the world, whereas the latter dominated the circulation of E-30 in China. The genome sequences of this outbreak present 99.3-100% similarity among these strains, indicating a genetic-linked aggregate outbreak of E-30 in this study. Two larger genetic diversity expansions and three small fluctuations of E-30 were observed from 1987 to 2016 in China, which revealed the oscillating patterns of E-30 in China. In addition, the coastal provinces of China, such as Zhejiang, Fujian, and Shandong, were initially infected, followed by other parts of the country. The E-30 strains isolated from mainland of China may have originated from Taiwan of China in the last century. Conclusion: The highly similar E-30 genomes in this outbreak showed an aggregate outbreak of E-30, with nine towns affected. Our results suggested that, although the genetic diversity of E-30 oscillates, the dominant lineages of E-30 in China has complex

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Co-Circulation of Echovirus 6 and 30 with Coxsackievirus A6 Among Children with Hand, Foot, and Mouth Disease in Ahvaz, Southwest Iran

Cited by 2 publications

References 34 publications

First seroepidemiological investigation of human enterovirus 71 in Iran

First seroepidemiological investigation of human enterovirus 71 in Iran

A Large-Scale Outbreak of Echovirus 30 in Gansu Province of China in 2015 and Its Phylodynamic Characterization

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