Co-Carriage Rates of Vancomycin-Resistant<i>Enterococcus</i>and Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamase-Producing Bacteria Among a Cohort of Intensive Care Unit Patients: Implications for an Active Surveillance Program

Harris, Anthony D.; Nemoy, Lucia L.; Johnson, Judith A.; Martin‐Carnahan, Amy; Smith, David L.; Standiford, Hal; Perencevich, Eli N.

doi:10.1086/502358

Cited by 70 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…Like other institutions (16,40), patients' fecal carriage of ESBLproducing isolates was investigated only when the emergence …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This value is even higher than those reported in the present work for outpatients (5.4%) and healthy volunteers (3.7%). In 2001 and 2002, 2% of outpatients admitted to an intensive care unit in a hospital in Baltimore, Md., were colonized with ESBL-producing isolates (16). A higher proportion, 4.2%, was found in hospitalized neonates on admission to a neonatal intensive care unit in Washington, D.C. (40).…”

Section: Vol 42 2004 Fecal Carrriage Of Esbl-producing Isolates 4771mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The reduction in the proportion of susceptible microbiota in the community reduces the possibility that the proportion of resistant bacteria in the nosocomial setting will decrease (23). Finally, the admission of carriers harboring resistant bacteria to hospitals increases the risk of infection for other hospitalized patients (6,16).…”

Section: Vol 42 2004 Fecal Carrriage Of Esbl-producing Isolates 4771mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Dramatic Increase in Prevalence of Fecal Carriage of Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamase-Producing Enterobacteriaceae during Nonoutbreak Situations in Spain

et al. 2004

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The occurrence of extended-spectrum ␤-lactamase (ESBL)-producing isolates has increased worldwide. Fecal carriage of ESBL-producing isolates has mainly been detected in nosocomial outbreaks, and few studies have evaluated fecal carriage during nonoutbreak situations and among patients in the community. We have studied the prevalence of ESBLs in 1,239 fecal samples from 849 patients (64.1% of whom were ambulatory) in 1991 and have compared the prevalence data with those obtained in 2003 for 400 fecal samples from 386 patients (75.9% of whom were ambulatory) and 108 samples from independent healthy volunteers. Samples were diluted in saline and cultured in two MacConkey agar plates supplemented with ceftazidime (1 g/ml) and cefotaxime (1 g/ml), respectively. Colonies were screened (by the double-disk synergy test) for ESBL production. The clonal relatedness of all ESBL-producing isolates was determined by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis with XbaI digestion; and the ESBLs of all ESBL-producing isolates were characterized by isoelectric focusing, PCR, and sequencing. The rates of fecal carriage of ESBL-producing isolates increased significantly (P < 0.001) in both hospitalized patients and outpatients, from 0.3 and 0.7%, respectively, in 1991, to 11.

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“…Like other institutions (16,40), patients' fecal carriage of ESBLproducing isolates was investigated only when the emergence …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Vol 42 2004 Fecal Carrriage Of Esbl-producing Isolates 4771mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Vol 42 2004 Fecal Carrriage Of Esbl-producing Isolates 4771mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Dramatic Increase in Prevalence of Fecal Carriage of Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamase-Producing Enterobacteriaceae during Nonoutbreak Situations in Spain

et al. 2004

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“…Thus, hospitals may adopt different strategies for different ARB. On the other hand, the same control strategies generally affect multiple ARB, increasing the benefits of every dollar spent on HIC (32). These insights become increasingly complicated in metapopulations in which long per-sistence guarantees that some discharged patients will continue to generate new cases in other hospitals.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Strategic interactions in multi-institutional epidemics of antibiotic resistance

Smith

Levin

Laxminarayan

2005

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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109

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The increasing frequency of antibiotic resistance in hospital-acquired infections is a major public health concern that has both biological and economic causes. Here we develop conceptual mathematical models that couple the economic incentives and population biology of hospital infection control (HIC). We show that the optimal investment by a hospital for HIC changes with the proportion of patients already colonized with antibiotic-resistant bacteria (ARB) at the time of admission. As that proportion increases, the optimal behavior of a hospital is to increase spending to control ARB with low transmissibility and decrease spending on those with high transmissibility. In some cases, the global optimum investment in HIC can shift discontinuously from one that contains transmission to a do-nothing policy once the proportion already colonized at the time of admission becomes too great. We also show that investments in HIC are determined by a strategic game when several hospitals share patients. Hospitals acting selfishly and rationally will free-ride on the investments of other hospitals, and the level of free-riding should increase with the number of other hospitals in the area. Thus, in areas with many hospitals, the rational strategy for each hospital is to spend less than in areas with few hospitals. Thus, we predict that transmission rates and the prevalence of ARB should be higher in urban hospitals, for instance, compared with rural hospitals. We conclude that regional coordination and planning for HIC is an essential element of public health planning for hospital-acquired infections.game theory ͉ nosocomial infections ͉ infection control ͉ optimal control ͉ transmission dynamics

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“…In the present study, the prevalence of vancomycin resistant Enterococci was 33.7%. The prevalence of vancomycin-resistant Enterococci was reported as 6.8%, 10%, and 7.7%, respectively [22][23][24]. Also in domestic studies, the prevalence of vancomycin-resistant Enterococci was reported to be 4.7%, 5.6%, 12%, and 23%, respectively [25][26][27][28].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Isolation and antibiotic resistance pattern of vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus fascium strains in clinical samples in Tabriz hospitals.

Jafari-Sales¹,

Tarbiat-nazloo²,

Shadi-Dizaji³

2018

Microbiology

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Co-Carriage Rates of Vancomycin-ResistantEnterococcusand Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamase-Producing Bacteria Among a Cohort of Intensive Care Unit Patients: Implications for an Active Surveillance Program

Cited by 70 publications

References 23 publications

Dramatic Increase in Prevalence of Fecal Carriage of Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamase-Producing Enterobacteriaceae during Nonoutbreak Situations in Spain

Dramatic Increase in Prevalence of Fecal Carriage of Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamase-Producing Enterobacteriaceae during Nonoutbreak Situations in Spain

Strategic interactions in multi-institutional epidemics of antibiotic resistance

Isolation and antibiotic resistance pattern of vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus fascium strains in clinical samples in Tabriz hospitals.

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