CNTF 1357 G → A polymorphism and the muscle strength response to resistance training

Abstract

The present study examined associations between the ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF) 1357 G --> A polymorphism and the muscle strength response to a unilateral, upper arm resistance-training (RT) program among healthy, young adults. Subjects were 754 Caucasian men (40%) and women (60%) who were genotyped and performed a training program of the nondominant (trained) arm with the dominant (untrained) arm as a comparison. Peak elbow flexor strength was measured with one repetition maximum, isometric strength with maximum voluntary contraction, and bicep cross-sectional area with MRI in the trained and untrained arms before and after training. Women with the CNTF GG genotype gained more absolute isometric strength, as measured by MVC (6.5 +/- 0.3 vs. 5.2 +/- 0.5 kg), than carriers of the CNTF A1357 allele in the trained arm pre- to posttraining (P < 0.05). No significant associations were seen in men. Women with the CNTF GG genotype gained more absolute dynamic (1.0 +/- 0.1 vs. 0.6 +/- 0.1 kg) and allometric (0.022 +/- 0.0 vs. 0.015 +/- 0.0 kg/kg(-0.67)) strength, as measured by 1 RM, than carriers of the CNTF A1357 allele in the untrained arm pre- to posttraining (P < 0.05). No significant associations were seen in men. No significant associations, as measured by cross-sectional area, were seen in men or women. The CNTF 1357 G --> A polymorphism explains only a small portion of the variability in the muscle strength response to training in women.

Variants of the Ankyrin Repeat Domain 6 Gene (ANKRD6) and Muscle and Physical Activity Phenotypes Among European-Derived American Adults

“…In addition, subjects with the ANKRD6 631 LL genotype spent approximately 60% more hours per week in moderate-intensity PA than those who were carriers of the P allele, whereas it appears that they spent approximately 50% less hours per week in vigorous-intensity PA, although these latter findings did not reach statistical significance. These findings suggest that ANKRD6 genetic predispositions may be important to consider along with a growing number of genetic variants that have been reported to be associated with muscle performance (6,13,21,32) and habitual PA (7,8,14) when an individualized approach to PA prescription for health benefit based on genotype becomes more of a reality (22). For example, when recommending PA to adults for its overall health benefits, the ANKRD6 631 P>L and PA intensity-dependent genotype differences we found could be considered when encouraging people to become more physically active due to what appears to be genetic dispositions to prefer moderate over vigorous-intensity PA among those with the LL genotype.…”

A common polymorphism in the UCP3 promoter influences hand grip strength in elderly people

“…Thus, it has been suggested that hand grip strength maybe suitable for identifying genetic variants affecting mid-and late-life physical functioning. Indeed, a number of genetic variants in relation to this phenotype have been identified (Arking et al 2006;Roth et al 2001;Dato et al 2010;Ronkainen et al 2008;Walsh et al 2009Walsh et al , 2008De Mars et al 2007). In the present study we show that the variability of UCP3 rs1800849, located in the promoter region of the gene, affects hand grip strength in an elderly population from southern Italy.…”

Leptin and leptin receptor genetic variants associate with habitual physical activity and the arm body composition response to resistance training

“…Cross-sectional area (CSA) of the biceps brachii was determined bilaterally using MRI with 1.5T systems and described in detail elsewhere (Kostek et al 2007; Walsh et al 2009). MRI was done pre-RT and within 48–96 hr of the final RT session.…”