CNS innervation of vagal preganglionic neurons controlling peripheral airways: a transneuronal labeling study using pseudorabies virus

Hadziefendic, Selma; Haxhiu, Musa A.

doi:10.1016/s0165-1838(99)00020-x

Cited by 113 publications

(112 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…However, this concept does not exclude the possibility that some medullary vagal preganglionic motoneurons may provide direct innervation to ASM, secretory glands, or vascular effector organs in the airways. The results of the present and the previous studies (21,55) clearly document that considerable labeling of vagal preganglionic neurons, preferentially within the rostral nucleus ambiguus region (rNA), occurs after injections of cholera toxin ␤ (CT-␤), FluoroGold, or pseudorabies virus into the most distal lung units where intrinsic ganglia are relatively rare. Furthermore, other effector organs, such as the ciliary muscle, receive a substantial proportion of parasympathetic nerves directly from midbrain neurons, bypassing the ciliary ganglion (61).…”

supporting

confidence: 71%

“…In another group of six animals, five separate 1-l injections of 0.1% CT-␤ were made into the lung parenchyma of the right upper lobe by a 10-l Hamilton syringe, as previously described (21,29). After 5-7 days, the animals were anesthetized with pentobarbital (50 mg/kg ip), mechanically ventilated with oxygen, and perfused through the left ventricle with 0.1 M sodium PBS, pH 7.4, containing 10,000 U of heparin.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Recent studies indicate that the iNANC system employs vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) (7,16,22,38,47,57), nitric oxide (NO) (4, 30, 36, 44, 51), or both (6, 14 -16, 64) to elicit ASM relaxation. However, the preganglionic origin of neurons containing these relaxing molecules has not been established.The preganglionic motor innervation of the airways arises from the nucleus ambiguus and from the most rostral part of the dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus (DMV) (21,23,27,29,34). Inputs from these preganglionic neurons are carried by the vagal fibers that are thought to synapse with airway ganglionic cells, which in turn modify and distribute central parasympathetic outflow to the effector organs of the airways and lungs (54, 59).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The preganglionic motor innervation of the airways arises from the nucleus ambiguus and from the most rostral part of the dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus (DMV) (21,23,27,29,34). Inputs from these preganglionic neurons are carried by the vagal fibers that are thought to synapse with airway ganglionic cells, which in turn modify and distribute central parasympathetic outflow to the effector organs of the airways and lungs (54, 59).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Chemical profile of vagal preganglionic motor cells innervating the airways in ferrets: the absence of noncholinergic neurons

Mayer

Haxhiu

2004

Journal of Applied Physiology

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Kc, Prabha, Catherine A. Mayer, and Musa A. Haxhiu. Chemical profile of vagal preganglionic motor cells innervating the airways in ferrets: the absence of noncholinergic neurons. J Appl Physiol 97: 1508 -1517, 2004; 10.1152/japplphysiol.00282.2004.-In ferrets, we investigated the presence of choline acetyltransferase (ChAT), vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP), and markers for nitric oxide synthase (NOS) in preganglionic parasympathetic neurons innervating extrathoracic trachea and intrapulmonary airways. Cholera toxin ␤-subunit, a retrograde axonal transganglionic tracer, was used to identify airway-related vagal preganglionic neurons. Double-labeling immunohistochemistry and confocal microscopy were employed to characterize the chemical nature of identified airway-related vagal preganglionic neurons at a single cell level. Physiological experiments were performed to determine whether activation of the VIP and ChAT coexpressing vagal preganglionic neurons plays a role in relaxation of precontracted airway smooth muscle tone after muscarinic receptor blockade. The results showed that 1) all identified vagal preganglionic neurons innervating extrathoracic and intrapulmonary airways are acetylcholine-producing cells, 2) cholinergic neurons innervating the airways coexpress ChAT and VIP but do not contain NOS, and 3) chemical stimulation of the rostral nucleus ambiguus had no significant effect on precontracted airway smooth muscle tone after muscarinic receptor blockade. These studies indicate that vagal preganglionic neurons are cholinergic in nature and coexpress VIP but do not contain NOS; their stimulation increases cholinergic outflow, without activation of inhibitory nonadrenergic, noncholinergic ganglionic neurons, stimulation of which induces airway smooth muscle relaxation. Furthermore, these studies do not support the possibility of direct inhibitory innervation of airway smooth muscle by vagal preganglionic fibers that contain VIP.central nervous system control of the airways; parasympathetic preganglionic neurons; choline acetyl transferase; vasoactive intestinal peptide; nitric oxide synthase; nucleus ambiguus; airway constriction; airway dilation IN MANY SPECIES, INCLUDING HUMANS, airway smooth muscle (ASM) tone critically relies on the balance between central excitatory cholinergic control (3,19,33,49) and the inhibitory nonadrenergic, noncholinergic (iNANC) influences (2,12,17,47,56). Activation of cholinergic preganglionic neurons produces airway constriction, submucosal gland secretion and increased blood flow using acetylcholine as a neurotransmitter (23,25,26). In the presence of cholinergic and sympathetic blockade, stimulation of vagal nerves, either by electrical current or via neural reflex pathways, elicits relaxation of preconstricted ASM cells via activation of iNANC pathways (2,12,17,56). Recent studies indicate that the iNANC system employs vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) (7,16,22,38,47,57), nitric oxide (NO) (4, 30, 36, 44, 51), or both (6, 14 -16, 64) to elicit ASM relaxation. Ho...

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supporting

confidence: 71%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Chemical profile of vagal preganglionic motor cells innervating the airways in ferrets: the absence of noncholinergic neurons

Mayer

Haxhiu

2004

Journal of Applied Physiology

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“…This suggests that stress-induced analgesia is modulated by the endogenous opioid system, and this system may play an important role in soothing effects. Indeed, the RVM is thought to be involved in cardiovascular and respiratory regulation [21,22]. In animal studies, contexts that induce stress have been described as important for activation of the endogenous opioid system [23].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

The Neural Basis of Self-Touch in a Pain-Free Situation

Kikuchi¹,

Shirato²,

Machida³

et al. 2018

Neuropsychiatry

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Objective:Self-touch is thought to be an act of coping with harmful or stressful situations, based on the mechanism which suppresses somatosensory perception as well as somatosensory cortex activity, and sympathetic activity. In addition, this suppression can be observed in even nonpainful and non-stressful situations. However, its detailed neural mechanism remains unknown. Several studied have shown, not only that the descending pain modulatory system (DPMS) plays critical roles in painful situations, but also that there is intrinsic functional connectivity in the DPMS in even non-painful situations. Based on these findings, we hypothesized that the neural system consisting of the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), amygdala and rostral ventromedial medulla (RVM) would play a basic role in self-touch, and we here investigated interactive effects of these regions in a pain-free self-touch situation. Methods:We used functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to investigate brain activity induced by mere self-touch (rubbing the left hand with the right) in a pain-free and stress-free situation, and carried out the Physio-Physiological Interaction (PPI) analysis to investigate the modulatory effects of brain activity. Results:PPI analysis showed that the rostral ACC (rACC) modulated activity in the RVM and left cerebellum (CB) via the right amygdala, such that the modulation linearly suppressed RVM and left CB activity. Furthermore, the latter was positively correlated with right primary somatosensory cortex (SI) activity. Moreover, we also showed that coherent activity in the bilateral secondary somatosensory cortex (SII) modulated activity of both the left temporoparietal junction (TPJ) and RVM, with the latter also suppressed by the modulation in a linear fashion. Conclusion:These findings suggest that self-touch exerts inhibitory effects on sensory afferents and sympathetic activity through the ACC-amygdala-RVM (AAR) system, and that bilateral sensorimotor integration plays an important role in the effect based on the bodily self.

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Predicting mortality in patients with rheumatoid arthritis

Wolfe¹,

Michaud²,

Gefeller³

et al. 2003

Arthritis & Rheumatism

246

115

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Objective. A number of different variables have been proposed as risk factors for mortality in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), but limited prospective information on the magnitude of their effects is available. This study was undertaken to evaluate the relative predictive strength and usefulness of a wide range of variables on the risk of mortality in a large, long-term, prospectively studied cohort of patients with RA.Methods. Over a 20-year period of followup beginning in 1981, 1,387 consecutive RA patients were seen in a single clinic. A wide range of clinical and demographic assessments were recorded and entered into a computer database at the time of each clinical assessment. Assessment of predictive strength included determination of standardized and fourth-versus-firstquartile odds ratios (ORs), goodness-of-fit measures, and contributing fraction.Results. The Health Assessment Questionnaire (HAQ) disability index was the strongest clinical predictor of mortality. A 1-SD change in the HAQ resulted in a much larger increase in the odds ratio for mortality compared with a 1-SD change in global disease severity, the next most powerful predictor of mortality (OR 2.31 versus 1.83). Considering the contributing fraction, mortality would be reduced by 50% for the HAQ and by 33% for global disease severity if patients in the fourth quartile for these variables could be switched to the first quartile. Global disease severity, pain, depression, anxiety, and laboratory and radiographic features were significantly weaker predictors. Disease duration, nodules, and tender joint count were clinical variables that provided very little predictive information. In multivariable analyses, HAQ and other patient self-report measures were significantly better predictors than were radiographic and laboratory variables. A single baseline observation provided the least information, with substantially increasing predictive ability associated with 1-year, 2-year, and all-time point followup observations (time-varying covariates).Conclusion. In this large 20-year study from routine clinical practice, the HAQ was the most powerful predictor of mortality, followed by other patient self-report variables. Laboratory, radiographic, and physical examination data were substantially weaker in predicting mortality. We recommend that clinicians collect patient self-report data, since they produce more useful clinical outcome information than other available clinical measures.

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CNS innervation of vagal preganglionic neurons controlling peripheral airways: a transneuronal labeling study using pseudorabies virus

Cited by 113 publications

References 37 publications

Chemical profile of vagal preganglionic motor cells innervating the airways in ferrets: the absence of noncholinergic neurons

Chemical profile of vagal preganglionic motor cells innervating the airways in ferrets: the absence of noncholinergic neurons

The Neural Basis of Self-Touch in a Pain-Free Situation

Predicting mortality in patients with rheumatoid arthritis

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