CNOT and Bell-state analysis in the weak-coupling cavity QED regime

Bonato, Cristian; Haupt, Florian; Oemrawsingh, S. S. R.; Gudat, Jan; Ding, Dapeng; Exter, M. P. van; Bouwmeester, Dirk

doi:10.1103/physrevlett.104.160503

Cited by 278 publications

(318 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…Quantum gates are the key components for quantum information processing in an analog to the classical gates for classical information processing. To design deterministic quantum gates, three types of interactions can be exploited, i.e., photon-photon interactions [10][11][12], spin-spin interactions [13][14][15][16][17][18], and photon-spin interactions [19][20][21][22][23][24]. Although photons do not interact directly with each other intrinsically, photon-photon indirect interactions mediated by cavity QED have been demonstrated but are by definition nonlinear phenomena.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Extended linear regime of cavity-QED enhanced optical circular birefringence induced by a charged quantum dot

Rarity

2015

Phys. Rev. B

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General rightsThis document is made available in accordance with publisher policies. Please cite only the published version using the reference above. Full terms of use are available: http://www.bristol.ac.uk/pure/about/ebr-terms PHYSICAL REVIEW B 91, 075304 (2015) Extended linear regime of cavity-QED enhanced optical circular birefringence induced by a charged quantum dot Giant optical Faraday rotation (GFR) and giant optical circular birefringence (GCB) induced by a single quantum-dot spin in an optical microcavity can be regarded as linear effects in the weak-excitation approximation if the input field lies in the low-power limit [Hu et al., Phys. Rev. B 78, 085307 (2008); 80, 205326 (2009)]. In this work, we investigate the transition from the weak-excitation approximation moving into the saturation regime comparing a semiclassical approximation with the numerical results from a quantum optics toolbox [Tan, J. Opt. B 1, 424 (1999)]. We find that the GFR and GCB around the cavity resonance in the strong-coupling regime are input field independent at intermediate powers and can be well described by the semiclassical approximation. Those associated with the dressed state resonances in the strong-coupling regime or merging with the cavity resonance in the Purcell regime are sensitive to input field at intermediate powers, and cannot be well described by the semiclassical approximation due to the quantum-dot saturation. As the GFR and GCB around the cavity resonance are relatively immune to the saturation effects, the rapid readout of single-electron spins can be carried out with coherent state and other statistically fluctuating light fields. This also shows that high-speed quantum entangling gates, robust against input power variations, can be built exploiting these linear effects.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Extended linear regime of cavity-QED enhanced optical circular birefringence induced by a charged quantum dot

Rarity

2015

Phys. Rev. B

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“…Many theoretical works have suggested using nanophotonic cavities or waveguides to attain a high-bandwidth interface between spins and photons in a solid-state device [12][13][14][15][16][17][18] . These proposals exploit strong light-matter interactions to create a quantum switch that applies a spindependent quantum phase or amplitude modulation to a photon.…”

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confidence: 99%

A quantum phase switch between a single solid-state spin and a photon

et al. 2016

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Strong interactions between single spins and photons are essential for quantum networks and distributed quantum computation. They provide the necessary interface for entanglement distribution, non-destructive quantum measurements, and strong photon-photon interactions.Achieving spin-photon interactions in a solid-state device could enable compact chip-integrated quantum circuits operating at gigahertz bandwidths. Many theoretical works have suggested using spins embedded in nanophotonic structures to attain this high-speed interface. These proposals exploit strong light-matter interactions to implement a quantum switch, where the spin flips the state of the photon and a photon flips the spin-state. However, such a switch has not yet been realized using a solid-state spin system. Here, we report an experimental realization of a spin-photon quantum switch using a single solid-state spin embedded in a nanophotonic cavity.We show that the spin-state strongly modulates the cavity reflection coefficient, which conditionally flips the polarization state of a reflected photon on picosecond timescales. We also demonstrate the complementary effect where a single photon reflected from the cavity coherently rotates the spin. These strong spin-photon interactions open up a promising direction for solidstate implementations of high-speed quantum networks and on-chip quantum information processors using nanophotonic devices. In this article we report an experimental demonstration of a quantum phase switch using a single solid-state spin embedded in a nanophotonic cavity. We implement this switch using a spin trapped in a charged quantum dot that is strongly coupled to a photonic crystal defect cavity. We show that the switch applies a spin-dependent phase shift on a reflected photon that rotates its polarization state. We also demonstrate the complementary effect where a single reflected photon applies a  phase shift to one of the spin-states and thereby coherently rotates the spin. These results demonstrate that the quantum switch retains phase coherence, an essential requirement for quantum information applications. We demonstrate switching of photon wavepackets as short as 63 ps, which corresponds to a three orders of magnitude increase in bandwidth over atom-based quantum switches. Our work represents a critical step towards interconnecting multiple solidstate spins using photons for implementing quantum networks and distributed quantum information protocols. Figure 1a The quantum phase switch allows one qubit to conditionally switch the quantum state of the other qubit. We consider the case where the polarization state of the photon encodes quantum information. Since photonic crystal cavities have a single mode with a well-defined polarization, we can express the state of a photon incident on the cavity in the basis states x and y , which denote the polarization states oriented orthogonal and parallel to the cavity mode respectively. OPERATING PRINCIPLEThe quantum state of a right-circularly polarized incident p...

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“…However, if the input photon is in the state |R ↓ or |L ↑ (S z = −1), it will be transmitted through the cavity and acquires an extra π phase, leaving the electron spin state unaffected. The whole process can be summarized into the following transformations [24]:…”

Section: Faithful Entanglement Distribution and Extension For Hermentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In other words, the circularly polarized photon directed into the spin-cavity system can either be coupled with the electron spin and feels a hot cavity when the dipole selection rule is fulfilled, or be decoupled and feels a cold cavity in the other case. The significant difference in the reflection and the transmission coefficients manifested between these two cases is spin dependent, and it can be exploited to perform the quantum information processing [22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30].…”

Section: Faithful Entanglement Distribution and Extension For Hermentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Single semiconductor QD coupling to a microcavity has attracted much attention [22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32]. The giant circular birefringence originated from the spin selective dipole coupling for such spin-cavity systems is utilized in photon-photon or spin-photon entanglement generation [22], hyper-parallel quantum computing [23], universal quantum gates [24][25][26], hyperentanglement purification and concentration [27], and complete Bell-state analyzers [28]. In 2006, Waks and Vuckovic put forward a quantum repeater scheme with the QD-cavity system [29].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Heralded quantum repeater for a quantum communication network based on quantum dots embedded in optical microcavities

Yang

Deng

2016

Phys. Rev. A

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We propose a heralded quantum repeater protocol based on the general interface between the circularly polarized photon and the quantum dot embedded in a double-sided optical microcavity. Our effective time-bin encoding on photons results in the deterministic faithful entanglement distribution with one optical fiber for the transmission of each photon in our protocol, not two or more. Our efficient parity-check detector implemented with only one input-output process of a single photon as a result of cavity quantum electrodynamics makes the entanglement channel extension and entanglement purification in quantum repeater far more efficient than others, and it has the potential application in fault-tolerant quantum computation as well. Meanwhile, the deviation from a collective-noise channel leads to some phase-flip errors on the nonlocal electron spins shared by the parties and these errors can be depressed by our simplified entanglement purification process. Finally, we discuss the performance of our proposal, concluding that it is feasible with current technology.

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CNOT and Bell-state analysis in the weak-coupling cavity QED regime

Cited by 278 publications

References 42 publications

Extended linear regime of cavity-QED enhanced optical circular birefringence induced by a charged quantum dot

Extended linear regime of cavity-QED enhanced optical circular birefringence induced by a charged quantum dot

A quantum phase switch between a single solid-state spin and a photon

Heralded quantum repeater for a quantum communication network based on quantum dots embedded in optical microcavities

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