CnFL, a FLORICAULA/LEAFY homolog in Chrysanthemum nankingense is dramatically upregulated in induced shoot apical meristems

Ma, Yueping; Zhou, Yizhong; Wang, Yuanzhi; Wei, Jiang-Xue; Yu, Zhi-yang; Yang, Song; Wang, Ya; Dai, Silan

doi:10.1016/j.bse.2013.03.043

Cited by 11 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…LFY is thought to act as a signaling gateway, integrating signals from global floral pathway processes and activating downstream ABC genes that specify unique floral meristem and organ identities 18-23 . For example, APETALA1 (AP1), which determines floral meristem and organ identities in Arabidopsis, is directly activated by LFY [24][25][26][27] .LFY homologs have been identified among distantly related species [28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35] . LFY proteins from most species share conserved regions, such as a proline-rich region, a leucine zipper, an acidic region, and a basic region formed by identity and promote flowering time and cell proliferation 15,32,66,[72][73][74][75] .…”

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“…LFY homologs have been identified among distantly related species [28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35] . LFY proteins from most species share conserved regions, such as a proline-rich region, a leucine zipper, an acidic region, and a basic region formed by identity and promote flowering time and cell proliferation 15,32,66,[72][73][74][75] .…”

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“…Expression of GhLFY in Gerbera hybrida is restricted to the reproductive transformation phase and to early flower development 41 . Although associated with flowering, low levels of LFY transcripts were also detected in vegetative tissues during the vegetative growth in some plant species [33][34][35]38,[41][42][43][44][45] . LFY expression patterns in rice and wheat differed from those of other LFY homologs.…”

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“…LFY-like genes from Chrysanthemum are highly expressed in the flower bud 33,34 , which suggests that Chrysanthemum LFY genes may play important roles in the transition from vegetative to reproductive meristems; However, their functions remain unclear due to a lack of functional investigation. Argyranthemum frutescens (Asteraceae) is a popular cultivated species that is used globally as a potted plant, ground cover, or a garden ornamental for its foliage, flower color 48,49 and long flowering period.…”

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AfLFY, a LEAFY homolog in Argyranthemum frutescens, controls flowering time and leaf development

2020

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Flowering is important for plant propagation and survival, and it is also closely related to human life. Identifying the molecular mechanisms underlying flower development is essential for plant improvement and breeding. Flower development is a complex physiological process that is regulated by multiple genes. LFY genes play important roles in the floral meristem transition and act as crucial integrators in regulating the floral gene network. Argyranthemum frutescens is an ornamental species cultivated for floral displays, yet little is known about molecular mechanisms driving its flower development. In this study, the LEAFY gene homologue, AfLFY, was identified and cloned from A. frutescens, and its role and expression patterns were characterized. Two distinct copies of AfLFY were found in the A. frutescens genome and both sequences contained a 1248 bp open reading frame that encoded 415 amino acids. The putative protein sequences have a typical LFY family domain. In addition, AfLFY was expressed at the highest levels in young leaves of the vegetative stage and in the shoot apical bud meristem of the reproductive stage. Phylogenetic analysis showed that AfLFY was most closely related to DFL from Chrysanthemum lavandulifolium. Subcellular localization studies revealed that AfLFY localized to the nucleus. Heterologous expression of AfLFY in transgenic tobacco plants shortened its period of vegetative growth, converted the lateral meristems into terminal flowers and promoted precocious flowering. In addition, transgenic plants exhibited obvious morphological changes in leaf shape. qRT-PCR analysis indicated that the expression levels genes related to flowering, FT, SOC1, and AP1 were significantly upregulated in AfLFY transgenic plants. Our findings suggested that the AfLFY gene plays a vital role in promoting flowering and leaf development in A. frutescens. These results laid a foundation for us to understand the mechanism of AfLFY in regulation flowering, and the results will be helpful in improving A. frutescens through molecular breeding.Flowering is a vital component of the plant life cycle that influences the success of plant reproduction. The transition from vegetative to reproductive development occurs in response to various endogenous and exogenous cues, and these cues are integrated by a complex molecular network 1-3 . Many floral integrator genes are involved in this molecular network, such as FLOWERING LOCUST (FT) and SUPPRESSOR OF OVEREXPRESSION OF CONSTANS 1 (SOC1), which work with the floral meristem identity gene LEAFY (LFY), to initiate the growth of floral meristems 4-7 . CONSTANS (CO) mediates the floral process in the photoperiod pathway and activates LFY expression directly or indirectly through other floral integrators [8][9][10] .LFY genes were initially described as floral meristem identity genes in Antirrhinum and Arabidopsis 11,12 , and were later shown to act as genetic switches directing the transition from inflorescence meristems to flower meristems 13 . Overexpression of LFY homologs s...

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AfLFY, a LEAFY homolog in Argyranthemum frutescens, controls flowering time and leaf development

2020

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“…The mean positions of the G1/G2 (nuclei) peak for the sample and the external standard were determined by analyzing the data using CellQuest software (Becton-Dickinson). Young leaf samples from Chrysanthemum nankingense L. (2n = 18) (Ma et al 2013) were used as a diploid reference. To estimate ploidy level, the position of the G1 peak on the histogram obtained for each individual plant was compared with that of C. nankingense.…”

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Characterization of ploidy levels in Chrysanthemum L. by flow cytometry

Wei

et al. 2015

J. For. Res.

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Analyzing the ploidy levels of plants is important for identifying species, selecting parental lines, identifying the relationships between species, and determining evolutionary patterns. The genus Chrysanthemum is widely distributed throughout the world and exhibits different ploidy levels. We used flow cytometry to analyze the ploidy levels of nine species of Chrysanthemum L. collected from different regions and geographical locations in China. Three diploids from Henan and Wuhan provinces corresponded to Chrysanthemum lavandulifolium and two species of C. nankingense, while three tetraploids from various regions corresponded to C. indicum and two species of C. chanetii. Two hexaploids corresponding to C. vestitum were collected at Funiu mountain (Henan province), and C. zawadskii was collected at Huangshan mountain (Anhui province). We found that OTTO extraction buffer was suitable for extracting nuclei from most species, apart from C. zawadskii. Flow cytometry proved to be a simple, rapid, and highly accurate method for identifying ploidy levels in Chrysanthemum species.

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Strigolactone pathway genes and plant architecture: association analysis and QTL detection for horticultural traits in chrysanthemum

et al. 2016

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Chrysanthemums are important ornamental plants with abundant phenotypic diversity. Especially in cut-flower breeding, shoot branching is important for the success of new varieties. To assess the genetic regulation of shoot branching and other horticultural important traits, we phenotyped and genotyped two types of chrysanthemum populations: a genotype collection of 86 varieties and a biparental F1-population (MK11/3) of 160 individuals. Using two different statistical approaches, a genome-wide association analysis and a single marker ANOVA, with AFLP marker data and candidate gene markers for shoot branching, we tried to identify markers correlated to the traits of interest. As expected for the outcrossing hexasomic chrysanthemums most of the phenotypic traits showed a continuous variation in both populations. With the candidate gene approach we identified 11 significantly associated marker alleles for all 4 strigolactone pathway genes BRC1, CCD7, CCD8 and MAX2 regulating shoot branching in the genotype collection. In the MK11/3 we detected seven markers for all candidate genes except MAX2 explaining a large proportion of the variation. Using anonymous AFLP markers in the GWA with the 86 genotypes and the single locus analysis with the F1-population we could detect 15 and 17 additional marker-trait associations, respectively. Our analyses indicate a polygenic inheritance of the shoot branching in the chrysanthemum, with a fundamental role of the strigolactone pathway genes BRC1, CCD7, CCD8 and MAX2 and we identified 50 associated markers to all traits under study. These markers could be used in the selection of the parental plants for breeding chrysanthemums to enrich them for positive alleles influencing plant architecture traits.

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CnFL, a FLORICAULA/LEAFY homolog in Chrysanthemum nankingense is dramatically upregulated in induced shoot apical meristems

Cited by 11 publications

References 29 publications

AfLFY, a LEAFY homolog in Argyranthemum frutescens, controls flowering time and leaf development

AfLFY, a LEAFY homolog in Argyranthemum frutescens, controls flowering time and leaf development

Characterization of ploidy levels in Chrysanthemum L. by flow cytometry

Strigolactone pathway genes and plant architecture: association analysis and QTL detection for horticultural traits in chrysanthemum

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