CMOS realisation of analogue processor for early vision processing

Jendernalik, W.; Jakusz, J.; Blakiewicz, Grzegorz; Piotrowski, Robert; Szczepański, S.

doi:10.2478/v10175-011-0018-x

Cited by 17 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 14 publications

(15 reference statements)

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“…In modern CMOS technologies, the voltage V TH can be reduced even to 0 V, but "zero V TH " devices may have too large leakage for this application. In practice, this means that the lowest value of V sense is about 0.2-0.5 V, which is adequate for the use in image sensors, because the voltages below that value are not used in most types of the pixel photosensors [7,9,13].…”

Section: Principle Of Operationmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Ultra-Low-Energy Analog Comparator for A/D Converters in CMOS Image Sensors

Jendernalik

2017

Circuits Syst Signal Process

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This paper proposes a new solution of an ultra-low-energy analog comparator, dedicated to slope analog-to-digital converters (ADC), particularly suited for CMOS image sensors (CISs) featuring a large number of ADCs. For massively parallel imaging arrays, this number may be as high as tens-hundreds of thousands ADCs. As each ADC includes an analog comparator, the number of these comparators in CIS is always high. Detailed analysis shows that power dissipation of a comparator contributes significantly to a total power consumption of an ADC. Thus, minimization of the comparator energy consumption during the analog-to-digital (A/D) conversion of an image frame is crucial for design of CMOS image sensors. Compared to classical dynamic or continuous-time comparators operating in the slope ADC, under the same bias conditions, the proposed comparator shows a 2-3 orders of magnitude reduction of the power consumption. In addition, the proposed topology shows a simple and compact layout and does not require a power-down mechanism. The circuit has been simulated in detail for a 0.18-μm CMOS technology under two different power supply voltages of 1.8 and 1 V. While implemented in a 12-bit slope ADC of a massively parallel CIS, operating at a speed 1000 fps, the energy required for A/D conversion is 0.5 pJ.

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Section: Principle Of Operationmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Ultra-Low-Energy Analog Comparator for A/D Converters in CMOS Image Sensors

Jendernalik

2017

Circuits Syst Signal Process

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“…The level of the supply voltage V o is controlled by a power management circuit, which additionally monitors volume of received energy and protects against excessive increase of the supply voltage V o during strong coupling between the transmitter and receiver. Too high supply voltage could damage low-voltage filters, amplifiers, and image processing circuits [12,13] inside the capsule. If the level of received power is too low, a tuning cycle is initialized to adjust parameters of the resonant circuit.…”

Section: Tuneable Receiver For Wireless Power Receptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Automatic tuning of a resonant circuit in wireless power supply systems for biomedical sensors

Blakiewicz¹,

Jakusz²,

Jendernalik³

et al. 2016

Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences Technical Sciences

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Abstract. In this paper, a tuning method of a resonant circuit suited for wireless powering of miniature endoscopic capsules is presented and discussed. The method allows for an automatic tuning of the resonant frequency and matching impedance of a full wave rectifier loading the resonant circuit. Thereby, the receiver tunes so as to obtain the highest power efficiency under given conditions of transmission. A prototype receiver for wireless power reception, fabricated in in AMS CMOS 0.35 µm technology, was used to verify correct operation of the proposed tuning. The prototype system produces a stable supply voltage, adjustable in the range of 1.2-1.8 V at a maximum output current of 100-67 mA, which is sufficient to power a typical endoscopic capsule. results of detailed analysis and experimental measurements show that with large changes of coupling, tuning of the resonant frequency and impedance adjustment must be applied in order to achieve sufficiently high efficiency of power transmission. The problem of a proper selection of a tuning circuit for biomedical sensors is further complicated by the need to obtain small size, and a requirement to work with a rectifier. Several types of tuning circuits for adaptation to changes in coil position were proposed in [3,[5][6][7][8]. Although the proposed solutions improve the transmission efficiency, they have certain limitations. For example, the solution [3] requires changes in distance between a coil and its coupling winding, which makes miniaturization impossible. Another tuning circuit, presented in [5] cannot work with certain rectifiers, because the circuit uses a matrix of capacitors that blocks flow of DC current required for proper operation of the rectifier. The solution [6] allows only for a limited adjustment to specified distance between transmitting and receiving coils, and therefore has a limited range of effective application. The other variants [7,8] only use frequency tuning, which considerably limits possibility of obtaining high efficiency of power transmission. In this paper the most difficult case, namely the wireless power transmission to an endoscopic capsule is considered. In this way, the proposed solution might find much wider application, both for powering the capsules as well as powering simpler devices while providing higher transmission efficiency than was previously possible to achieve. Furthermore, the tuning circuit can work with all types of rectifiers and can be largely miniaturized. In Section 2 conditions of power transmission to endoscopic capsules are outlined and discussed. The proposed tuning method and a tunable receiver for wireless power reception are presented in Section 3. In the next section results of measurements of an integrated prototype circuit are given. The final conclusions are summarized in the last section.

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“…The PSF-fitting could be used in calculation of stars' centroids in real deep sky images. This method is not time-consuming and is applicable in real-time ASIC or FPGA circuits [25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33]. Table 2.…”

Section: Calculation Of Stars' Centroids With Psf-fitting and Two Stamentioning

confidence: 99%

Stars’ Centroid Determination Using PSF-Fitting Method

Suszyński

Wawryn

2015

Metrology and Measurement Systems

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This paper presents an algorithm for restoring telescope images corrupted by turbulence effects and readout noise of a telescope system in order to determine centroid positions of stars, especially the position of a reference star. A computation method employing an accurate centroid estimation algorithm reconstructing a point spread function (PSF) from the recorded astronomical images has been used. Minimisation of turbulence effects and telescope control system noise in long exposure images acquired and recorded by the ground telescope is proposed. As a solution of the distortion error a minimisation signal is dedicated to GoTo calibration procedures built in control mechanisms of the electromechanical telescope system. The proposed method has been verified in the Matlab environment for real deep sky images recorded by the ground telescope system.

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CMOS realisation of analogue processor for early vision processing

Cited by 17 publications

References 14 publications

An Ultra-Low-Energy Analog Comparator for A/D Converters in CMOS Image Sensors

An Ultra-Low-Energy Analog Comparator for A/D Converters in CMOS Image Sensors

Automatic tuning of a resonant circuit in wireless power supply systems for biomedical sensors

Stars’ Centroid Determination Using PSF-Fitting Method

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