CMOS Image Sensor Design and Image Processing Algorithm Implementation for Total Hip Arthroplasty Surgery

Abstract

As the average age of the population goes higher, the people undergo hip arthroplasty surgery to replace their stiff and painful damaged hip joints. To reduce the risk factor after the surgery we developed a visual aided system in previous works. In order to solve the integration problems of commercial camera with other sensors into the femoral head and to minimize the area and power consumption, in this paper we propose a CMOS image sensor of resolution 200 × 200 specially designed for the application in which each individual pixel measures around 15 µm × 15 µm in size and the image sensor chip size measures about 3.5 mm × 3.5 mm. The proposed sensor is simulated with the input current variations from 2 pA to 100 pA for the individual pixels and the corresponding measurements for each pixel range from 2 mV to 855 mV. Besides, we put forward a new method of pattern detection and recognition in the blood-covered situation, which provides an accurate segmentation of patterns from the blood. All the detected patterns are recognized by generating its right 9-bit binary ID required for the pose estimation calculation. Furthermore, to reduce system power consumption, we implement algorithms on FPGA to process the image data pixel by pixel and transmit it directly to the computer for post-processing. Experimental results show that the pattern detection rate goes as high as 99%, which is 5% better in accuracy compared to the top hat algorithm. The power consumption of the system is 213 mW, which is a 70% decrease compared to our previous work.

An IMU-Based Real-Time Measuring System for Acetabular Prosthesis Implant Angles in THR Surgeries

“…Because the relationship between the pelvis coordinate and the RAMI coordinate remains changeless, whenever the attitude of pelvis changes, the absolute coordinate values of pelvis coordinate axes in the RAMI coordinate system remain consistent. To calculate the real-time values of the pelvis axes in the reference initial coordinate, we use the values of the RAMI coordinate, as in (13). = 2 ( ) quat dcm Rt Rt R(q ) q (13) Once we obtain the initial and real-time pelvis coordinate, we need to find the DCM matrix T which symbolizes the rotation from initial to the real-time pelvis coordinate.…”

“…To calculate the real-time values of the pelvis axes in the reference initial coordinate, we use the values of the RAMI coordinate, as in (13). = 2 ( ) quat dcm Rt Rt R(q ) q (13) Once we obtain the initial and real-time pelvis coordinate, we need to find the DCM matrix T which symbolizes the rotation from initial to the real-time pelvis coordinate. 0 0…”

“…To find a convenient and radiation-less measuring method of acetabular prosthesis implant angles instead of CT, researchers have tried two main approaches: (1) using a visual aided system to improve the accuracy, and (2) using inertial measurement units (IMUs) to obtain the real-time attitude of pelvis and prosthesis. For the visual aided system, a computer-aided visual system consisting of a multi-sensor femoral head trial is introduced in [12] and [13]. However, the system needs complex image analysis, which brings much more power consumption and delay.…”

On-the-Fly Parallel Processing IP-Core for Image Blur Detection, Compression, and Chaotic Encryption Based on FPGA

“…The FPGAs can be integrated with the digital cameras as shown in Fig. 3 [34,35]. First, the CMOS image sensor is used to capture the image.…”

Image Processing Design and Algorithm Research Based on Cloud Computing

“…Moreover, they proposed a new method of pattern detection and recognition in the case of blood coverage, which can accurately segment the patterns in the blood. However, there are errors in image segmentation [2]. Venkatram and Geetha put forward the main purpose of big data which is to quickly view the cutting-edge and latest work being done in the field of big data analysis in different industries [3].…”