CMOS-Compatible Ultra-Compact 1.55- μ m Emitting VCSELs Using Double Photonic Crystal Mirrors

Abstract

In this letter, the authors report the first demonstration of laser operation in long-wavelength opticallypumped vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers for photonics-oncomplementary metal-oxide-semiconductor back-end integration using 1-D double photonic crystal mirrors. The full exploitation of surface-addressable slow Bloch modes in such photonic architectures promotes an optimized tailoring of light confinement resulting in compact single-mode emitters capable to operate continuous-wave with thresholds in the sub-mW range.

Amorphous silicon nanowires combining high nonlinearity, FOM and optical stability

“…Further, we observed no degradation in the parameters over the entire course of our experiments, which at times were conducted at peak powers of up to 3W (~4GW/ cm 2 ), primarily limited by the coupler insertion loss. We note that our material has also exhibited stable operation in the context of a hybrid integrated laser [28]. Finally, a-Si:H is deposited at low temperature and is compatible with standard CMOS technology.…”

Giant gain enhancement in photonic crystals with a degenerate band edge

“…Pursuing better performing photonic crystal cavities is essential to further advancement of photonic technology [12][13][14][15], and photonic integrated circuits [16][17][18] in particular. These advancement established a basis for a novel class of solar cell architecture with enhanced absorption [19][20][21], and other thin film applications [22], along with superior atomic interaction with strongly localized photons [23], and unconventional spontaneous emission dynamics [24,25].…”

Hybrid grating reflector with high reflectivity and broad bandwidth

“…Huang et al [3] and Boutami et al [4] independently demonstrated VCSELs with a HCG as a reflector. Since then, various novel vertical-cavity laser structures employing the HCG have been reported, demonstrating MEMS-based wavelength tunability [5,6], strong single-transverse-mode operation [7], and integration with an SOI wafer [8,9]. Another interesting feature that might be integrated to VCSELs is the possibility of beam steering or focusing [10,11].…”