CMC, HLB, and effective chain length of surface-active anionic and cationic substances containing oxyethylene groups

Lin, I. J.; Marszall, Leszek

doi:10.1016/0021-9797(76)90178-8

Cited by 41 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…With a sufficient database perhaps new empirical group numbers could be deduced that apply to prediction of CCC95. There are precedents for such modifications [28][29][30][31][32][33].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterizing Frothers through Critical Coalescence Concentration (CCC)95-Hydrophile-Lipophile Balance (HLB) Relationship

Zhang

Nesset²,

Rao

et al. 2012

Minerals

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Frothers are surfactants commonly used to reduce bubble size in mineral flotation. This paper describes a methodology to characterize frothers by relating impact on bubble size reduction represented by CCC (critical coalescence concentration) to frother structure represented by HLB (hydrophile-lipophile balance). Thirty-six surfactants were tested from three frother families: Aliphatic Alcohols, Polypropylene Glycol Alkyl Ethers and Polypropylene Glycols, covering a range in alkyl groups (represented by n, the number of carbon atoms) and number of Propylene Oxide groups (represented by m). The Sauter mean size (D 32 ) was derived from bubble size distribution measured in a 0.8 m 3 mechanical flotation cell. The D 32 vs. concentration data were fitted to a 3-parameter model to determine CCC95, the concentration giving 95% reduction in bubble size compared to water only. It was shown that each family exhibits a unique CCC95-HLB relationship dependent on n and m. Empirical models were developed to predict CCC95 either from HLB or directly from n and m. Commercial frothers of known family were shown to fit the relationships. Use of the model to predict D 32 is illustrated.

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“…With a sufficient database perhaps new empirical group numbers could be deduced that apply to prediction of CCC95. There are precedents for such modifications [28][29][30][31][32][33].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterizing Frothers through Critical Coalescence Concentration (CCC)95-Hydrophile-Lipophile Balance (HLB) Relationship

Zhang

Nesset²,

Rao

et al. 2012

Minerals

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“…These later values can be found in the works of Davies [128] and Lin and Marszall [129]. More recently, an improvement of this equation has been proposed by Guo et al [130] using effective chain length instead of the actual chain length.…”

Section: Hlb Predictionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prediction of Surfactants’ Properties using Multiscale Molecular Modeling Tools: A Review

Creton

Nieto‐Draghi

Pannacci

2012

Oil Gas Sci. Technol. – Rev. IFP Energies nouvelles

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Oil & Gas Science and Technology -Rev. IFP Energies nouvelles, Vol. 67 (2012), No. 6, pp. 969-982 Copyright c 2013, IFP Energies nouvelles DOI: 10.2516 Prediction of Surfactants' Properties using Multiscale Molecular Modeling Tools: A Review B. Creton, C. Nieto-Draghi and N. Pannacci Bois-Préau, 92852 Rueil-Malmaison -France e-mail: benoit.creton@ifpen.fr -carlos.nieto@ifpen.fr -nicolas.pannacci@ifpen.fr Résumé -Prédiction de propriétés des tensioactifs à l'aide d'outils de modélisation moléculaire : une revue -Une des voies possibles de récupération assistée du pétrole, l'EOR (Enhanced Oil Recovery), consiste en l'injection d'un fluide ASP (Alkaline/Surfactant/Polymer) dans le réservoir dans le but de déplacer le pétrole piégé vers le puits de production. La conception et/ou l'optimisation de mélanges ASP, de tensioactifs ou de mélanges de tensioactifs est donc d'un intérêt premier pour améliorer l'efficacité d'un tel procédé. Les codes de simulation moléculaire développés et largement validés durant ces dernières décennies apparaissent comme des outils incontournables pour la compréhension des effets microscopiques, la prédiction de propriétés de tensioactifs complexes ou encore l'optimisation des structures voire de la composition de mélanges de tensioactifs. Dans cet article, nous présentons une revue des travaux de la littérature sur le potentiel de diverses techniques de simulation moléculaire pour la prédiction de propriétés structurales ou thermophysiques des tensioactifs. Les techniques de simulation auxquelles nous nous sommes intéressés sont la dynamique moléculaire (MD), les simulations Monte Carlo (MC), la dissipative particle dynamics (DPD) ainsi que des approches statistiques faisant un lien direct entre structure et propriété (QSPR, pour Quantitative Structure-Property Relationship). IFP Energies nouvelles, 1-4 Avenue de Abstract -Prediction of Surfactants' Properties using Multiscale Molecular Modeling Tools: A Review -During one of the existing Enhanced Oil Recovery (EOR) procedures, a mixture of Alkaline/Surfactant/Polymer (ASP) is injected into wells in order to INTRODUCTIONThe actual capacity of oil extraction still remains limited and can be roughly estimated to 30-60%, or more, of the reservoir's original oil within the considered field [1]. The production process is typically split into tree distinct phases: -the primary recovery which is the consequence of natural effects such as the pressure of the reservoir; -the secondary recovery which consists in injecting water or gas to move the oil to the wellbore; -the tertiary recovery or Enhanced Oil Recovery (EOR), which gathers techniques such as thermal recovery, chemical or microbial injection [2][3][4]. The chemical injection technique can involve combinations of Alkaline/Surfactant/Polymer (ASP) in which the alkali reacts with some of the crude oil components decreasing the water/oil InterFacial/surface Tension (IFT) [5]. Surfactants are used to reduce the water/oil IFT and the role of Multiscale molecular modeling tools from qua...

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“…Surfactants, also called surface active agents, are composed of a hydrophilic head and a hydrophobic chain. In order to modulate their hydrophilic–lipophilic balance, ethylene oxide (EO) or/and propylene oxide (PO) can be added between these two parts . Synthesis of surfactants involves polymerization mechanisms, such as the Guerbet reaction, which are not always fully controlled, thus producing polymeric surfactants with a high polydispersity. , Thanks to their amphiphilic nature, they are used ubiquitously in the petroleum industry for their foaming, wetting, and dispersing properties.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In order to modulate their hydrophilic−lipophilic balance, ethylene oxide (EO) or/and propylene oxide (PO) can be added between these two parts. 1 Synthesis of surfactants involves polymerization mechanisms, such as the Guerbet reaction, 2 which are not always fully controlled, thus producing polymeric surfactants with a high polydispersity. 3,4 Thanks to their amphiphilic nature, they are used ubiquitously in the petroleum industry for their foaming, 5 wetting, 6 and dispersing properties.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of the Oil Matrix on Anionic and Nonionic Surfactant Separation Using Ultra-High-Performance Liquid Chromatography Hyphenated to High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry

et al. 2020

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For the first time, to our knowledge, anionic and nonionic surfactants were analyzed in oil matrix by Ultra-High-Performance Liquid Chromatography hyphenated to High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry (UHPLC-HRMS). The feasibility of their analysis was studied using synthetic 2 mixtures of surfactants prepared in water (Quality controls), in a binary THF/Toluene 50/50 v/v (Surfactant+THF/Toluene) and in a binary THF/Toluene containing 1 and 10% of crude oil (Crude1% and Crude10%). These compositions were chosen in order to be as close as possible to petroleum related samples to be investigated in the future. Analyses were carried out by UHPLC methods using both reverse phase and anion-exchange mechanisms with a mixed mode column.Despite the complexity of the oil matrix and the presence of organic solvents used for dilution, the retention times of the surfactants were not affected whatever the concentration of crude oil present in the sample. Nevertheless, a significant matrix effect caused a loss of signal when the concentration of oil reached 10% in mass. For the analysis of samples with this crude oil concentration range, it would be advisable to dilute the sample.The present study was a first insight into the behavior of the HRMS hyphenated to LC for the analysis of surfactants in petroleum matrices. It should be of interest to complete this study by an investigation of the long-term impact of crude oil in a routine use.

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CMC, HLB, and effective chain length of surface-active anionic and cationic substances containing oxyethylene groups

Cited by 41 publications

References 30 publications

Characterizing Frothers through Critical Coalescence Concentration (CCC)95-Hydrophile-Lipophile Balance (HLB) Relationship

Characterizing Frothers through Critical Coalescence Concentration (CCC)95-Hydrophile-Lipophile Balance (HLB) Relationship

Prediction of Surfactants’ Properties using Multiscale Molecular Modeling Tools: A Review

Impact of the Oil Matrix on Anionic and Nonionic Surfactant Separation Using Ultra-High-Performance Liquid Chromatography Hyphenated to High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry

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