“…In the coming two decades, projects such as CMB-S4 (Abazajian et al, 2019), the Simons Observatory (The Simons Observatory Collaboration et al, 2019), andLiteBIRD (Hazumi et al, 2019) will build up our knowledge of massive halos from the SZ effect and push the investigation of the millimetre CMB sky a step further. Beyond the 2030s, a high resolution, high sensitivity large millimetre telescope such as the AtLAST (Klaassen et al, 2019) and CMB-HD (Sehgal et al, 2019) concepts would bring opportunities that complement spectroscopic X-ray measurements. These features, generalised to a survey over a large area of the sky, would lead to a wealth of constraints on the thermodynamical properties (via the thermal and relativistic SZ effects), the peculiar motions (via the kinetic SZ effect) or the mass (via CMB lensing) of large scale structures.…”