Abstract. Let S be a given set of positive rational primes. Assume that the value of the Dedekind zeta function ζ K of a number field K is less than or equal to zero at some real point β in the range 1 2 < β < 1. We give explicit lower bounds on the residue at s = 1 of this Dedekind zeta function which depend on β, the absolute value d K of the discriminant of K and the behavior in K of the rational primes p ∈ S. Now, let k be a real abelian number field and let β be any real zero of the zeta function of k. We give an upper bound on the residue at s = 1 of ζ k which depends on β, d k and the behavior in k of the rational primes p ∈ S. By combining these two results, we obtain lower bounds for the relative class numbers of some normal CM-fields K which depend on the behavior in K of the rational primes p ∈ S. We will then show that these new lower bounds for relative class numbers are of paramount importance for solving, for example, the exponent-two class group problem for the non-normal quartic CM-fields. Finally, we will prove Brauer-Siegel-like results about the asymptotic behavior of relative class numbers of CM-fields.