Clutch Size Adjustment of a Leaf-Mining Moth (Lyonetiidae: Lepidoptera) in Response to Resource Availability

Kagata, Hideki; Ohgushi, Takayuki

doi:10.1603/0013-8746(2002)095[0213:csaoal]2.0.co;2

Cited by 25 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…Our results suggest that an early-breeding female could maximize her fitness by adjusting the number of larvae she deposits in a specific pool depending on its size and other attributes, to decrease cannibalism and competition among her progeny (Vasconcellosneto and Monteiro 1993;Kagata and Ohgushi 2002). For late breeders, the dramatic decrease in survival in the presence of early-cohort larvae demonstrates a clear advantage of larvipositing in pools without conspecifics if such pools exist (Summers 1999;Dillon and Fiano 2000;Marsh and Borrell 2001).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 82%

Density and intercohort priority effects on larval Salamandra salamandra in temporary pools

2005

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Priority effects, i.e., effects of an early cohort on the performance of a later cohort, are generally studied between, and not within, species. The paucity of intraspecific assessments does not reflect a lack of ecological importance, but the technical problem associated with differentiating between conspecific cohorts. Here, we examine priority and density-dependent effects on larval Salamandra salamandra infraimmaculata. Larvae deposited by their mother early in the season have increased risk of desiccation, as rains at the beginning of the season are less frequent and unpredictable. However, breeding later may incur a high cost through conspecific priority effects, including cannibalism and competition. In an outdoor artificial pool experiment, we established densities of 0, 1, 2, 4 or 6 newly born larvae per pool ( approximately 30 l), and 40 days later, added a second cohort of three newly born larvae to each pool. We differentiated between cohorts using natural individual-specific markings. For the early cohort, increasing density decreased survival and size at metamorphosis, and increased time to metamorphosis. For the late cohort, survival was 100% in pools without early-cohort larvae, but ranged between 13 and 33% in the presence of early-cohort larvae. Time to metamorphosis was significantly longer in the presence of low vs high densities of early-cohort larvae. Results suggest that early-cohort larvae are mainly subjected to exploitative competition and cannibalism mediated by food limitation, and that late-cohort larvae are subjected to cannibalism and interference due to size asymmetry between cohorts. The strong priority effects suggest that Salamandra females could increase their fitness by adjusting the number of larvae they deposit in specific pools to avoid cannibalism and intraspecific competition.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 82%

Density and intercohort priority effects on larval Salamandra salamandra in temporary pools

2005

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“…First, small leaves can reduce the foraging efficiency of insect folivores (Brown et al 1991) and may be less vulnerable to herbivores due to slower expansion rates (Kursar and Coley 2003;Coley et al 2006) and shorter duration of expansion (Coley and Barone 1996;Moles and Westoby 2000). Also, leaf size has been found to increase resource quality for mining and tying insects (Kagata and Ohgushi 2001;Marquis et al 2002;Low et al 2009). Second, N. pumilio trees at higher elevations possess higher leaf carbon, lignin and lignin/N contents than trees at lower elevations (Premoli 2004), which reinforces the idea that the former may offer less palatable foliage to insects.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Environmental and genetic control of insect abundance and herbivory along a forest elevational gradient

2011

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Environmental conditions and plant genotype may influence insect herbivory along elevational gradients. Plant damage would decrease with elevation as temperature declines to suboptimal levels for insects. However, host plants at higher elevations may exhibit traits that either reduce or enhance leaf quality to insects, with uncertain net effects on herbivory. We examined folivory, insect abundance and leaf traits along six replicated elevational ranges in Nothofagus pumilio forests of the northern Patagonian Andes, Argentina. We also conducted a reciprocal transplant experiment between low- and high-elevation sites to test the extent of environmental and plant genetic control on insect abundance and folivory. We found that insect abundance, leaf size and specific leaf area decreased, whereas foliar phosphorous content increased, from low-, through mid- to high-elevation sites. Path analysis indicated that changes in both insect abundance and leaf traits were important in reducing folivory with increasing elevation and decreasing mean temperature. At both planting sites, plants from a low-elevation origin experienced higher damage and supported greater insect loads than plants from a high-elevation origin. The differences in leaf damage between sites were twofold larger than those between plant origins, suggesting that local environment was more important than host genotype in explaining folivory patterns. Different folivore guilds exhibited qualitatively similar responses to elevation. Our results suggest an increase in insect folivory on high-elevation N. pumilio forests under future climate warming scenarios. However, in the short-term, folivory increases might be smaller than expected from insect abundance only because at high elevations herbivores would encounter more resistant tree genotypes.

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“…Many insect herbivores choose the plants by their visual appearance (Prokopy et al 1983). A small leaf size may affect the behavior of gregarious insects for visually selecting oviposition or mating sites on their host plants (Pilson & Rausher 1988;Kagata & Ohgushi 2001) and result in a reduced probability of the plant being defoliated.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Does defoliation induce chemical and morphological defenses in the leaves of silver birch seedlings under changing climate?

et al. 2007

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We examined the effects of defoliation concurrently with elevated temperature and CO 2 on some chemical and morphological characteristics in the leaves of silver birch seedlings (Betula pendula). We also analyzed the consequent changes in the palatability of leaves for adult blue alder leaf beetles (Agelastica alni). Under the different climatic treatments, the seedlings were subjected to three fertilizer treatments (0 kg, 130 kg and 270 kg N ha -1 ) and defoliation treatments (0 %, 25 % and 50 % of the total leaf area). In each climatic treatment, fertilization increased the nitrogen content in the leaves, but decreased total concentrations of soluble phenolics, detected by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), and insoluble condensed tannins. Defoliation, both independently and in combination with elevated temperature and CO 2 , decreased the concentrations of the phenolics. Compared to the intact controls, the leaves of the defoliated seedlings were smaller and tougher. Under elevated temperature, the beetles consumed a smaller amount of the leaves of plants subjected to the high fertilization, while under ambient climatic conditions, fertilization increased the feeding. The total leaf consumption was higher under the ambient climatic conditions than under elevated temperature, elevated CO 2 or the combination of elevated temperature and CO 2 .

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Clutch Size Adjustment of a Leaf-Mining Moth (Lyonetiidae: Lepidoptera) in Response to Resource Availability

Cited by 25 publications

References 29 publications

Density and intercohort priority effects on larval Salamandra salamandra in temporary pools

Density and intercohort priority effects on larval Salamandra salamandra in temporary pools

Environmental and genetic control of insect abundance and herbivory along a forest elevational gradient

Does defoliation induce chemical and morphological defenses in the leaves of silver birch seedlings under changing climate?

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