Clustering Review in Vehicular Ad hoc Networks: Algorithms, Comparisons, Challenges and Solutions

Abstract

The Vehicular Ad-hoc Network (VANET) represents a new future for dynamic information dissemination between societies. VANET has a wide range of applications in a variety of aspects, including Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS). VANET has some characteristics, like highly dynamic topology and intermittent connections. These characteristics lead to untrustworthy information transmission in VANET. Vehicle clustering is an efficient approach to improve the scalability of the network and connection reliability. The performance of the clustering is also affected by VANET characteristics. This article provides a comprehensive description of VANET clustering algorithms. The most notable clustering algorithms introduced between 1999 and 2021 are reviewed. A complete survey on clustering in VANETs is provided based upon the clustering process. The clustering process in most algorithms is explored in the aspects of CH selection metrics, cluster formation, and cluster maintenance. The clustering techniques based on some parameters like stability, convergence, overhead, and latency are compared. Some of the most common problems, as well as the approaches employed to solve them, are also discussed. Also, the performance parameters which evaluate the clustering approaches are summarized.

Increasing Efficiency and Reliability in Multicast Routing based V2V Communication for Direction-Aware Cooperative Collision Avoidance

“…Automobile clustering is a practical way to increase the network's scalability and connection stability. VANET features also impact the clustering's performance [2]. In addition to being impacted by the outside world, VANETs' communication efficiency is also more susceptible to malevolent attacks [3].…”

“…The term "vehicular ad hoc network" (VANET) refers to a subclass of mobile ad hoc networks made up of mobile nodes made up of automobiles with wireless transceivers known as OBUs (On Board Units) that may collect, compute, receive, and broadcast data to other nodes [1]. In VANETs, each vehicle has the capacity to transmit data either directly to an external base station known as a Road Side Unit (RSU) through vehicle to infrastructure communication or between vehicles via vehicle-vehicle communication (V2V) (V2I) [2,3]. It is necessary to deal with diverse information, such as traffic, roads, automobiles, and so on, in order to realise intelligent transportation [4].…”

Design and Developments of AODV & TAODV Routing Protocols for VANETs

“…The general environmental statistics which is associated with the clone of the AODV, TAODV routing protocol for the experimental are as follows in Table(4).…”