Clustering of health, crime and social-welfare inequality in 4 million citizens from two nations

Richmond‐Rakerd, Leah S.; D’Souza, Stephanie; Andersen, Signe Hald; Hogan, Sean; Houts, Renate; Poulton, Richie; Ramrakha, Sandhya; Caspi, Avshalom; Milne, Barry; Moffitt, Terrie E.

doi:10.1038/s41562-019-0810-4

Cited by 68 publications

(67 citation statements)

References 39 publications

(46 reference statements)

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“…Participants ( n = 1037; 91% of eligible births; 52% male) were all individuals born between April 1972 and March 1973 in Dunedin, New Zealand (NZ), who were eligible based on residence in the province and who participated in the first assessment at age 3 ( 25 ). The cohort represented the full range of socioeconomic status (SES) in the general population of NZ’s South Island and as adults matched the NZ National Health and Nutrition Survey on key adult health indicators (eg, body mass index, smoking, GP visits) and the NZ Census of citizens of the same age on educational attainment ( 26 ). The cohort is primarily white (93%), matching South Island demographics ( 25 ).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association Between Elevated suPAR, a New Biomarker of Inflammation, and Accelerated Aging

Rasmussen

Caspi

Ambler

et al. 2020

The Journals of Gerontology: Series A

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Background To understand and measure the association between chronic inflammation, aging, and age-related diseases, broadly applicable standard biomarkers of systemic chronic inflammation are needed. We tested whether elevated blood levels of the emerging chronic inflammation marker soluble urokinase plasminogen activator receptor (suPAR) were associated with accelerated aging, lower functional capacity, and cognitive decline. Methods We used data from the Dunedin Study, a population-representative 1972–1973 New Zealand birth cohort (n=1037) that has observed participants to age 45 years. Plasma suPAR levels were analyzed at ages 38 and 45 years. We performed regression analyses adjusted for sex, smoking, C-reactive protein, and current health conditions. Results Of 997 still-living participants, 875 (88%) had plasma suPAR measured at age 45. Elevated suPAR was associated with accelerated pace of biological aging across multiple organ systems, older facial appearance, and with structural signs of older brain age. Moreover, participants with higher suPAR levels had greater decline in physical function and cognitive function from childhood to adulthood compared to those with lower suPAR levels. Finally, improvements in health habits between ages 38 and 45 (smoking cessation or increased physical activity) were associated with less steep increases in suPAR levels over those years. Conclusions Our findings provide initial support for the utility of suPAR in studying the role of chronic inflammation in accelerated aging and functional decline.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association Between Elevated suPAR, a New Biomarker of Inflammation, and Accelerated Aging

Rasmussen

Caspi

Ambler

et al. 2020

The Journals of Gerontology: Series A

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“…The tendency to engage in antisocial behaviors such as violence, rule-breaking, and bullying varies significantly across the population, with a small proportion of individuals responsible for the majority of serious antisocial acts. For example, large cohort studies estimate that the most antisocial 1–10% of the population is responsible for more than two thirds of all criminal convictions [ 14 – 16 ], and 5% of the population is responsible for almost half of all lying [ 17 ]. Engagement in antisocial behaviors has been associated with behaviors specifically relevant to public health risks as well, including physical violence [ 18 – 21 ], unsafe driving [ 22 , 23 ], and risky sex practices [ 24 – 27 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reduced social distancing early in the COVID-19 pandemic is associated with antisocial behaviors in an online United States sample

et al. 2021

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Antisocial behaviors cause harm, directly or indirectly, to others’ welfare. The novel coronavirus pandemic has increased the urgency of understanding a specific form of antisociality: behaviors that increase risk of disease transmission. Because disease transmission-linked behaviors tend to be interpreted and responded to differently than other antisocial behaviors, it is unclear whether general indices of antisociality predict contamination-relevant behaviors. In a pre-registered study using an online U.S. sample, we found that individuals reporting high levels of antisociality engage in fewer social distancing measures: they report leaving their homes more frequently (p = .024) and standing closer to others while outside (p < .001). These relationships were observed after controlling for sociodemographic variables, illness risk, and use of protective equipment. Independently, higher education and leaving home for work were also associated with reduced distancing behavior. Antisociality was not significantly associated with level of worry about the coronavirus. These findings suggest that more antisocial individuals may pose health risks to themselves and their community during the COVID-19 pandemic.

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“…The cohort represented the full range of socioeconomic status in the general population of New Zealand's South Island. On adult health, the cohort matches the New Zealand National Health and Nutrition Survey on key health indicators (e.g., body mass index, smoking, and visits to the doctor) and matches the New Zealand Census of people the same age on educational attainment ( 72 ).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Childhood self-control forecasts the pace of midlife aging and preparedness for old age

Richmond‐Rakerd

Caspi

Ambler

et al. 2021

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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The ability to control one’s own emotions, thoughts, and behaviors in early life predicts a range of positive outcomes in later life, including longevity. Does it also predict how well people age? We studied the association between self-control and midlife aging in a population-representative cohort of children followed from birth to age 45 y, the Dunedin Study. We measured children’s self-control across their first decade of life using a multi-occasion/multi-informant strategy. We measured their pace of aging and aging preparedness in midlife using measures derived from biological and physiological assessments, structural brain-imaging scans, observer ratings, self-reports, informant reports, and administrative records. As adults, children with better self-control aged more slowly in their bodies and showed fewer signs of aging in their brains. By midlife, these children were also better equipped to manage a range of later-life health, financial, and social demands. Associations with children’s self-control could be separated from their social class origins and intelligence, indicating that self-control might be an active ingredient in healthy aging. Children also shifted naturally in their level of self-control across adult life, suggesting the possibility that self-control may be a malleable target for intervention. Furthermore, individuals’ self-control in adulthood was associated with their aging outcomes after accounting for their self-control in childhood, indicating that midlife might offer another window of opportunity to promote healthy aging.

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Clustering of health, crime and social-welfare inequality in 4 million citizens from two nations

Cited by 68 publications

References 39 publications

Association Between Elevated suPAR, a New Biomarker of Inflammation, and Accelerated Aging

Association Between Elevated suPAR, a New Biomarker of Inflammation, and Accelerated Aging

Reduced social distancing early in the COVID-19 pandemic is associated with antisocial behaviors in an online United States sample

Childhood self-control forecasts the pace of midlife aging and preparedness for old age

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