Clustering of Countries Based on Fertilizer Consumption

Abstract

This study investigates fertilizer consumption patterns across 41 countries from 1961 to 2021. Descriptive statistics reveal substantial variation in average fertilizer use (kg/hectare) and variability between countries. Statistical analyses confirm significant differences in consumption patterns, with fertilizer consumption identified as a major explanatory factor. Cluster analysis further differentiates countries into two groups based on their consumption levels. These findings highlight the need to consider fertilizer use within a country-specific context. Further research exploring the underlying factors driving these variations and their impact on crop yields could inform strategies for optimizing fertilizer use and promoting agricultural sustainability. JEL classification numbers: E18, HO, I1, J64, J88. Keywords: ANOVA, MANOVA, Cluster analysis, Inter and intra-cluster distance.