Clustering Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Time Series in Glioblastoma Characterization: A Review of the Evolution, Applications, and Potentials

De Simone, Matteo; Iaconetta, Giorgio; Palermo, Giuseppina; Fiorindi, Alessandro; Schaller, Karl; De Maria, Lucio

doi:10.3390/brainsci14030296

Cited by 4 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 88 publications

(97 reference statements)

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“…fMRI, pioneered in the 1990s by Seiji Ogawa and Kenneth Kwong, tracks brain activity via blood flow and oxygen levels, known as blood oxygenation level-dependent (BOLD) imaging [ 20 , 21 ]. Active brain areas display increased oxygen consumption and blood flow, appearing brighter on fMRI scans [ 22 ].…”

Section: Imagingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Revolutionizing Brain Tumor Care: Emerging Technologies and Strategies

Nguyen,

Greene,

Mnatsakanyan

et al. 2024

Biomedicines

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Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is one of the most aggressive forms of brain tumor, characterized by a daunting prognosis with a life expectancy hovering around 12–16 months. Despite a century of relentless research, only a select few drugs have received approval for brain tumor treatment, largely due to the formidable barrier posed by the blood–brain barrier. The current standard of care involves a multifaceted approach combining surgery, irradiation, and chemotherapy. However, recurrence often occurs within months despite these interventions. The formidable challenges of drug delivery to the brain and overcoming therapeutic resistance have become focal points in the treatment of brain tumors and are deemed essential to overcoming tumor recurrence. In recent years, a promising wave of advanced treatments has emerged, offering a glimpse of hope to overcome the limitations of existing therapies. This review aims to highlight cutting-edge technologies in the current and ongoing stages of development, providing patients with valuable insights to guide their choices in brain tumor treatment.

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Section: Imagingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Revolutionizing Brain Tumor Care: Emerging Technologies and Strategies

Nguyen,

Greene,

Mnatsakanyan

et al. 2024

Biomedicines

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show abstract

“…The advantages of mastering this technique include reduced morbidity, no visible scarring or external craniotomies, and minimal brain manipulation. Good preoperative selection also comes through a thorough study of the anatomy; an EANS survey on experienced skull base surgeons showed that most respondents use both MRI and CT scans preoperatively to study the anatomy [5,6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Transorbital Approach: A Comprehensive Review of Targets, Surgical Techniques, and Multiportal Variants

De Simone,

Zoia,

Choucha

et al. 2024

JCM

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The transorbital approach (TOA) is gaining popularity in skull base surgery scenarios. This approach represents a valuable surgical corridor to access various compartments and safely address several intracranial pathologies, both intradurally and extradurally, including tumors of the olfactory groove in the anterior cranial fossa (ACF), cavernous sinus in the middle cranial fossa (MCF), and the cerebellopontine angle in the posterior cranial fossa (PCF). The TOA exists in many variants, both from the point of view of invasiveness and from that of the entry point to the orbit, corresponding to the four orbital quadrants: the superior eyelid crease (SLC), the precaruncular (PC), the lateral retrocanthal (LRC), and the preseptal lower eyelid (PS). Moreover, multiportal variants, consisting of the combination of the transorbital approach with others, exist and are relevant to reach peculiar surgical territories. The significance of the TOA in neurosurgery, coupled with the dearth of thorough studies assessing its various applications and adaptations, underscores the necessity for this research. This extensive review delineates the multitude of target lesions reachable through the transorbital route, categorizing them based on surgical complexity. Furthermore, it provides an overview of the different transorbital variations, both standalone and in conjunction with other techniques. By offering a comprehensive understanding, this study aims to enhance awareness and knowledge regarding the current utility of the transorbital approach in neurosurgery. Additionally, it aims to steer future investigations toward deeper exploration, refinement, and exploration of additional perspectives concerning this surgical method.

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Unveiling the Molecular Mechanisms of Glioblastoma through an Integrated Network-Based Approach

Kaynar,

Kim,

Ceyhan

et al. 2024

Biomedicines

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Background/Objectives: Despite current treatments extending the lifespan of Glioblastoma (GBM) patients, the average survival time is around 15–18 months, underscoring the fatality of GBM. This study aims to investigate the impact of sample heterogeneity on gene expression in GBM, identify key metabolic pathways and gene modules, and explore potential therapeutic targets. Methods: In this study, we analysed GBM transcriptome data derived from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) using genome-scale metabolic models (GEMs) and co-expression networks. We examine transcriptome data incorporating tumour purity scores (TPSs), allowing us to assess the impact of sample heterogeneity on gene expression profiles. We analysed the metabolic profile of GBM by generating condition-specific GEMs based on the TPS group. Results: Our findings revealed that over 90% of genes showing brain and glioma specificity in RNA expression demonstrate a high positive correlation, underscoring their expression is dominated by glioma cells. Conversely, negatively correlated genes are strongly associated with immune responses, indicating a complex interaction between glioma and immune pathways and non-tumorigenic cell dominance on gene expression. TPS-based metabolic profile analysis was supported by reporter metabolite analysis, highlighting several metabolic pathways, including arachidonic acid, kynurenine and NAD pathway. Through co-expression network analysis, we identified modules that significantly overlap with TPS-correlated genes. Notably, SOX11 and GSX1 are upregulated in High TPS, show a high correlation with TPS, and emerged as promising therapeutic targets. Additionally, NCAM1 exhibits a high centrality score within the co-expression module, which shows a positive correlation with TPS. Moreover, LILRB4, an immune-related gene expressed in the brain, showed a negative correlation and upregulated in Low TPS, highlighting the importance of modulating immune responses in the GBM mechanism. Conclusions: Our study uncovers sample heterogeneity’s impact on gene expression and the molecular mechanisms driving GBM, and it identifies potential therapeutic targets for developing effective treatments for GBM patients.

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Clustering Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Time Series in Glioblastoma Characterization: A Review of the Evolution, Applications, and Potentials

Cited by 4 publications

References 88 publications

Revolutionizing Brain Tumor Care: Emerging Technologies and Strategies

Revolutionizing Brain Tumor Care: Emerging Technologies and Strategies

The Transorbital Approach: A Comprehensive Review of Targets, Surgical Techniques, and Multiportal Variants

Unveiling the Molecular Mechanisms of Glioblastoma through an Integrated Network-Based Approach

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