“…In case of HSLA-type steels, the increase in strength is related to grain refinement and precipitation hardening by dispersive particles of carbides, nitrides and carbonitrides [9,10,41,42]. The analysis of publications related to manufacturing of forgings with the use of thermomechanical treatment reveals that the studies conducted so far have been focused on introducing V [15,24,32,37] and Ti and V [4,5,7,39] microadditions into steel. Very few studies on combined application of Nb, Ti and V creates the necessity to perform more detailed analysis of understanding of the complex interaction of MXtype interstitial phases containing Nb, Ti and V and the process of their precipitation.…”