Clustering eating habits: frequent consumption of different dietary patterns among the Italian general population in the association with obesity, physical activity, sociocultural characteristics and psychological factors

Denoth, Francesca; Scalese, Marco; Siciliano, Valeria; Renzo, Laura Di; Lorenzo, Antonino De; Molinaro, Sabrina

doi:10.1007/s40519-015-0225-9

Cited by 28 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 52 publications

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“…around the Mediterranean Sea, such as Turkey, Lebanon, and Morocco, as those with the highest dietary quality. Populations in this region consume dietary patterns influenced by the traditional Mediterranean diet (28), even though industrialization of foods has modified the traditional dietary patterns in this region, (29) as indicated by the declines in diet quality in Italy and Portugal and other countries between 1990 and 2017. The healthfulness of the Mediterranean diet was first proposed by Keys (30) and colleagues because populations in the Mediterranean region had long life expectancy and low rates of many chronic diseases, such as coronary artery disease and certain cancers, despite their limited access to medical services.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Global Improvement in Dietary Quality Could Lead to Substantial Reduction in Premature Death

Wang

Afshin

et al. 2019

The Journal of Nutrition

101

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Background The preventable premature mortality achievable by improvement in dietary quality at a global level is unclear. Objective The aim of this study was to assess dietary quality globally, and to quantify the potential global impact of improving dietary quality on population health. Methods We applied the Alternate Healthy Eating Index (AHEI, potential range 0–100) to a global dietary database to assess dietary quality among adults in 190 countries/territories. The relation of AHEI score to risks of major chronic disease was estimated from 2 large cohorts of men and women for whom many repeated dietary assessments during up to 30 years were available. We calculated the preventable premature deaths achievable by shifting from current national diets to a reference healthy diet. Results The global mean AHEI score in 2017 was 49.5 for males and 50.5 for females. Large differences between current and target intakes existed for whole grains, sodium, long-chain n–3 polyunsaturated fats, polyunsaturated fats, and fruits. From 1990 to 2017, the global mean AHEI score increased modestly from 45.4 to 50.0. Diet quality varied substantially across the world. Coastal Mediterranean nations, the Caribbean region, and Eastern Asia (except China and Mongolia) had a higher AHEI score, whereas Central Asia, the South Pacific, and Eastern and Northern Europe had a lower score. An improvement in dietary quality from the current global diet to the reference healthy diet could prevent >11 million premature deaths, ∼24% of total deaths in 2017. These included 1.6 million cancer deaths, 3.9 million coronary artery disease deaths, 1.0 million stroke deaths, 1.7 million respiratory disease deaths, 0.4 million neurodegenerative disease deaths, 0.5 million kidney disease deaths, 0.6 million diabetes deaths, and 1.2 million digestive disease deaths. Conclusions Global dietary quality is slowly improving, but remains far from optimal and varies across countries. Improvements in dietary quality have the potential to reduce mortality rates substantially.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Global Improvement in Dietary Quality Could Lead to Substantial Reduction in Premature Death

Wang

Afshin

et al. 2019

The Journal of Nutrition

101

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“…According to our previous data obtained from a survey conducted to identify clusters of eating patterns among the Italian population aged 15-64 years, three clusters were identi ed: "Mediterranean-like", "Western-like" and "low fruit/vegetables". Among the 5,278 subjects, the "Mediterranean-like" patterns was more common among females and elderly; the other clusters were signi cantly associated with obesity [38]. Indeed, with great surprise we realized that the most careful to eat Mediterranean were the young people of the 18-30 age group (p=0.000; p=0.000).…”

Section: Adherence To the MDmentioning

confidence: 92%

Eating habits and lifestyle Changes during COVID-19 lockdown: an Italian survey

Renzo

Gualtieri

Pivari

et al. 2020

Preprint

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148

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Background: On December 12, 2019 a new coronavirus (SARS-Cov2) emerged in Wuhan, China, sparking a pandemic of acute respiratory syndrome in humans (COVID-19). At 24th of April 2020, the number of COVID-19 deaths in the world, according to the COVID-Case Tracker by Johns Hopkins University, was 195,313 and the number of Covid-19 confirmed cases was 2,783,512. The COVID-19 pandemic represents a massive impact on human health, causing sudden lifestyle changes, through social distancing and isolation at home, with social and economic consequences. Optimizing public health during this pandemic requires not only knowledge from the medical and biological sciences, but also of all human sciences related to lifestyle, social and behavioural studies, including dietary habits and lifestyle. Methods: Our study aimed to investigate the immediate impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on eating habits and lifestyle changes among Italian population aged ≥12 years. The study instrument comprised a structured questionnaire packet that inquired demographic information (age, gender, place of residence, current employment); anthropometrics data (reported weight and height); dietary habits information (Adherence to the Mediterranean Diet, daily intake of certain foods, food frequency, number of meals/day); lifestyle habits information (grocery shopping, smoke habit, sleep quality and physical activity). The survey was conducted from 5th to 24th of April 2020. Results: the perception of weight gain was observed in 48.6% of the population; 3.3% of smokers decided to quit smoking; a slight increased physical activity has been reported, especially for bodyweight training, in 38.3% of respondents; the population group aged 18-30 years resulted to have a higher adherence to the Mediterranean Diet when compared to the youngers and the olders (p=0.000; p=0.000); 15% of respondents turned to farmers or organic purchasing groups for fruit and vegetables, especially in North and Center Italy, where BMI values were lower. Conclusions: In the present study, we provided for the first time data on the Italian population lifestyle, eating habits and adherence to the Mediterranean Diet pattern during the COVID-19 lockdown. However, as the COVID-19 pandemic is ongoing, our data need to be confirmed and investigated in future larger population studies.

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“…In the microbiota of obese and overweight people, a reduction of Bifidobacterium was observed, with an increase of Firmicutes ( Roseburia spp., Eubacterium rectale , and Ruminococcus bromii ), and Proteobacteria , that metabolize dietary plant polysaccharides with a consequent gain in energy availability [ 121 , 122 ]. Conversely, vegan and vegetarian diets, rich in fermentable nutrients, induce a microbial flora rich in healthy species [ 123 – 125 ].…”

Section: Dietary Patterns That Affect Immune Function: Mediterranean mentioning

confidence: 99%

The influence of diet on anti-cancer immune responsiveness

et al. 2018

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Immunotherapy has matured into standard treatment for several cancers, but much remains to be done to extend the reach of its effectiveness particularly to cancers that are resistant within each indication. This review proposes that nutrition can affect and potentially enhance the immune response against cancer. The general mechanisms that link nutritional principles to immune function and may influence the effectiveness of anticancer immunotherapy are examined. This represents also the premise for a research project aimed at identifying the best diet for immunotherapy enhancement against tumours (D.I.E.T project). Particular attention is turned to the gut microbiota and the impact of its composition on the immune system. Also, the dietary patterns effecting immune function are discussed including the value of adhering to a healthy diets such as the Mediterranean, Veg, Japanese, or a Microbiota-regulating diet, the very low ketogenic diet, which have been demonstrated to lower the risk of developing several cancers and reduce the mortality associated with them. Finally, supplements, as omega-3 and polyphenols, are discussed as potential approaches that could benefit healthy dietary and lifestyle habits in the context of immunotherapy.

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Clustering eating habits: frequent consumption of different dietary patterns among the Italian general population in the association with obesity, physical activity, sociocultural characteristics and psychological factors

Cited by 28 publications

References 52 publications

Global Improvement in Dietary Quality Could Lead to Substantial Reduction in Premature Death

Global Improvement in Dietary Quality Could Lead to Substantial Reduction in Premature Death

Eating habits and lifestyle Changes during COVID-19 lockdown: an Italian survey

The influence of diet on anti-cancer immune responsiveness

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