Clustered Cardiovascular Risk Factors Are Associated with Inflammatory Markers in Adolescents

Abstract

Background: Clusters of cardiovascular risk (CVR) factors are associated with an increased risk of developing cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). This cross-sectional study assessed the associations between classic CVR factor clusters and inflammatory markers in Brazilian adolescents. Methods: Measurements included anthropometric, clinical and biochemical parameters and selected inflammatory markers in 487 adolescents (236 boys/251 girls; 12.06 ± 1.41 years). Results: After stratifying the population by gender and adjusting for potential confounding variables, principal component analysis was performed and it produced 5 independent components in both genders: adiposity, glucose metabolism, blood pressure, high-density lipoprotein (HDL)/triacylglycerols (TG), and cholesterol/low-density lipoprotein. Glucose metabolism was inversely associated with interleukin-1β (IL-1β) in both genders (r = -0.026; r = -0.021); blood pressure was inversely associated with tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) in girls (r = -0.046); HDL/TG was positively associated with interleukin-6 in girls (r = 0.012), with IL-1β (r = 0.010) TNF-α (r = 0.045) in boys, and inversely associated with adiponectin in both genders (r = -0.015; r = -0.013). Conclusion: The results suggest that lipid metabolism alterations, as potential early events in the development of CVDs, have a strong link to the inflammatory process, in contrast to other clusters of risk factors.

Gene Expression Profiling of Markers of Inflammation, Angiogenesis, Coagulation and Fibrinolysis in Patients with Coronary Artery Disease with Very High Lipoprotein(a) Levels Treated with PCSK9 Inhibitors

“…Moreover, we have found significant negative correlation of IL-1β gene expression with HDL cholesterol and a positive correlation with triglycerides in healthy adults. Similar results have been previously observed by Teixeira Sliva et al in young adolescent population [ 34 ]. The negative association between IL-1β and HDL cholesterol concentration found in our healthy control group is not surprising, as HDL cholesterol is known to have anti-inflammatory effects [ 35 ].…”

Determination of Major Endogenous FAHFAs in Healthy Human Circulation: The Correlations with Several Circulating Cardiovascular-Related Biomarkers and Anti-Inflammatory Effects on RAW 264.7 Cells

“…Several studies have also shown that low-grade systemic inflammation leads to an increased risk of CVD [19][20][21]. The common inflammatory cytokines include interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) which indicate greater susceptibility to the development of CVD [22][23][24]. Therefore, to investigate the CVDs protection effect of FAHFAs, we explored the correlation of major endogenous FAHFAS with several cardiovascular biomarkers and their anti-inflammatory effects on RAW 264.7 macrophage cells.…”

Association between Psychological, Biochemical and Personal Factors with the Inflammatory Marker High-Sensitive C Reactive Protein (Hs-CRP) in Mexican Healthy Population

“…Focusing on the relationship between inflammation and psychological variables, we found that many reports have studied the association of genetic, environmental, psychological, and personal factors with inflammatory markers [ 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 ]. Among the main inflammatory markers studied are the C reactive protein (CRP), inflammatory interleukins IL-1 and IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) [ 6 , 9 ]. CRP is an inflammatory protein synthetized by Kupffer cells in the liver, in response to acute inflammatory events, and depending on their values, it can be indicative of chronic inflammatory states [ 10 , 11 , 12 ].…”