Cluster root development in <i>Grevillea robusta</i> (Proteaceae). I. Xylem, pericycle, cortex, and epidermis development in a determinate root

Skene, Keith R.; Raven, John A.; Sprent, Janet I.

doi:10.1046/j.1469-8137.1998.00140.x

Cited by 27 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…The morphology and anatomy of proteoid rootlets was reported previously for some members of the Proteaceae (for summary, see Dinkelaker et al, 1995;Skene et al, 1996Skene et al, , 1998aSkene et al, , 1998b. These studies showed that a cluster of rootlets starts as many meristematic primordia that subsequently mature into determinate rootlets with no apical meristem and root hairs around their tips.…”

mentioning

confidence: 64%

“…Determinacy has been reported in all species that form proteoid roots (Dinkelaker et al, 1995) but has also been observed in roots from other types of species (Varney and McCully, 1991;Dubrovsky, 1997). The average final length of a rootlet varies within and among proteoid species; recently Skene et al (1998a) showed that rootlets of Grevillea robusta were shorter when they developed in hydroponics compared with development in vermiculite. To our knowledge, we are the first to report that determinacy varies with environmental treatment ([CO 2 ]) in a common rooting medium (Fig.…”

Section: Synchronous Development Of Proteoid Rootsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Linking Development and Determinacy with Organic Acid Efflux from Proteoid Roots of White Lupin Grown with Low Phosphorus and Ambient or Elevated Atmospheric CO2 Concentration1

1999

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mentioning

confidence: 64%

Section: Synchronous Development Of Proteoid Rootsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Linking Development and Determinacy with Organic Acid Efflux from Proteoid Roots of White Lupin Grown with Low Phosphorus and Ambient or Elevated Atmospheric CO2 Concentration1

1999

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“…Some have even been reported as having a normal epidermis but no cap, as in the orchid Pogonia (Carlson, 1938), and a few others derive their epidermis from a discrete meristem. In some dicots the epidermis might be the only layer of the cap complex of cells left intact in cultured roots (Skene et al, 1998). In both subclasses the affinity of the epidermis might be partially obscured in roots with open meristems because of instability of rates of cell division around the stelar pole (Clowes, 1981).…”

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confidence: 99%

Pattern in root meristem development in angiosperms

2000

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Roots of angiosperms differ in the behaviour of their apical meristems, and this diversity has been studied through the patterns of differentiation in a range of families. Except for three families of the Nymphaeales, all dicotyledons derive the epidermis wholly or partially with the root cap. In closed meristems the inner cell layer of the cap complex forms the epidermis ; in open meristems, where cortex and cap are intermittently of common origin, linkages between the epidermis and the cap predominate. Roots of most monocotyledons derive the epidermis as the outer layer of the cortex. Nymphaeaceae, Cabombaceae and Barclayaceae resemble monocotyledons in this respect, and this applies even in the species with open meristems, in which a cleft forms between the cap and the rest of the apex. This feature fits with the close relationship between the Nymphaeales and monocotyledons revealed by other data. But none of the other Magnoliidae with close links to Liliidae has this type of epidermis. The Nymphaeales are also almost unique among dicotyledons in having trichoblasts in a vertical pattern. This results from transverse divisions of epidermal cells giving two conspicuously different daughters. The smaller and most densely staining one later bears a root hair. This is the way trichoblasts develop in many monocotyledons. The only other dicotyledons found with trichoblasts in vertical patterns are in the Piperaceae, though their closed meristems derive the epidermis in the normal dicotyledon pattern. All other dicotyledons that bear trichoblasts develop them in radial patterns probably related to the radial disposition of cells across the cortex. This pattern is more widespread than was previously known, though it can occur only in roots with closed meristems. In plants of both subclasses with vertical patterns of trichoblasts, it is usually the proximal daughter of the initiating mitosis which becomes the trichoblast. But it is the distal daughter in Juncaceae, Restionaceae, Cyperaceae and Poaceae. Vertical patterns differ further as to whether the atrichoblast daughters divide after initiation, thus changing the alternation of trichoblasts and atrichoblasts along a file of epidermal cells. Monocotyledons and the Nymphaeaceae can produce trichoblasts in open or closed meristems. In some embryos and root primordia the epidermis becomes discrete from cortex and cap and remains so in the meristems. This has now been found in six aquatic genera of the Liliidae, but reports of it occurring elsewhere are probably due to misinterpretation of sections. Discrete epidermises differentiate into trichoblasts and atrichoblasts in Hydrocharitaceae, but not in Araceae or Lemnaceae.

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“…One apical cell in the rootlet has undergone greater expansion than neighbouring cells and is breaking through the parental endodermis. This cell becomes the rootlet cap and epidermis initial (see also Skene et al (1998)). Later, a meristem forms, and a rootlet cap is visible (Fig.…”

Section: Endodermal Development In Juvenile Cluster Rootletsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…ex R. Br. seedlings (Provenance Loitokitok, Kenya Forestry Seed Centre) were grown and prepared for light and transmission electron microscopy as described in Skene, Raven & Sprent (1998). Hand-cut sections through cluster roots were made by immobilizing roots in 1-cm$ pieces of polystyrene, and slicing with half of a double-edged razor blade.…”

Section: Plant Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cluster root development in Grevillea robusta (Proteaceae). II. The development of the endodermis in a determinate root and in an indeterminate, lateral root

Skene¹,

Sutherland

Raven

et al. 1998

New Phytologist

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Light, fluorescence and electron microscopy were employed to follow the development of the endodermis in cluster roots and lateral roots of Grevillea robusta A. Cunn. ex R. Br. Endodermal cells had three different origins : rootlet endodermis arose from the rootlet meristem ; endodermis covering the primordium shortly after initiation came from division of parental endodermis ; cells at the junction between parent and rootlet endodermis developed from re-differentiated rootlet cortical cells. In the cluster root, the Casparian band formed in three ways, and was not initially present opposite the two sets of single xylem elements in the rootlet stele. A new clearing technique was developed that allowed visualization of xylem, suberized endodermis, Casparian band formation and phenolic compounds. In lateral roots, endodermal differentiation was asynchronous, but was related to position relative to protoxylem poles. However, the observed delay began before these poles had differentiated. At the tip of mature rootlets, which are determinate, the endodermis terminates in a ' dome ' of cells, with the initial cell differentiating as an endodermal cell. Results are discussed in terms of determinate development in roots and the spatial and temporal contexts within which this development takes place.

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Cluster root development in Grevillea robusta (Proteaceae). I. Xylem, pericycle, cortex, and epidermis development in a determinate root

Cited by 27 publications

References 39 publications

Linking Development and Determinacy with Organic Acid Efflux from Proteoid Roots of White Lupin Grown with Low Phosphorus and Ambient or Elevated Atmospheric CO2 Concentration1

Linking Development and Determinacy with Organic Acid Efflux from Proteoid Roots of White Lupin Grown with Low Phosphorus and Ambient or Elevated Atmospheric CO2 Concentration1

Pattern in root meristem development in angiosperms

Cluster root development in Grevillea robusta (Proteaceae). II. The development of the endodermis in a determinate root and in an indeterminate, lateral root

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