Cluster ion formation under laser bombardment.  Studies of recombination using isotope labeling

Musselman, Inga H.; Linton, Richard W.; Simons, David S.

doi:10.1021/ac00153a003

Cited by 28 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 24 publications

(24 reference statements)

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“…35 Although studies of some materials have suggested direct removal of intact polyatomic species as a possible ablation mechanism, 36,37 most experimental results have rather indicated gas-phase aggregation as the dominant process for cluster formation. [38][39][40] The present results suggest that significantly more gas-phase collisions, and correspondingly more aggregation, are associated with ablation of oxalates than oxides. This collision enhancement can be attributed to a denser ablation plume which comprises the gaseous products of the ͑quasithermal͒ oxalate decomposition: 34 FIG.…”

Section: Lanthanide Oxides and Oxalatesmentioning

confidence: 50%

“…Irrespective of the mechanistic interpretation, the primary conclusion from the comparative oxide and oxalate results was that the essential similarity in the chemical/ valence form of the metal ion in these precursor solids was not conveyed in their dissimilar LAMS spectra. Both graphite 37,38 and polyimide ͓molecular formulaϭC 22 H 10 N 2 O 5 ͑Ref. 39͔͒ have been demonstrated as effective target materials for producing large carbon clusters by laser ablation, apparently via gas-phase aggregation and growth.…”

Section: Lanthanide Oxides and Oxalatesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Excimer laser ablation mass spectrometry of inorganic solids: Chemical, matrix, and sampling effects on polyatomic ion yields

Gibson

1995

Journal of Vacuum Science &Amp; Technology A: Vacuum, Surfaces, and Films

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Positive ions formed directly by excimer laser ablation in vacuum of several lanthanide (Ln) and transition metal solid materials—including Ln2O3, Ln2S3, LnF3, Ta2O5, ZrO2, TiO, and TiO2—were identified by time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Variations in ion yields were investigated as a function of the composition of the precursor material, laser irradiance, and ion sampling delay after ablation. The compositions of the observed polyatomic ions reflected the distinctive chemistries of the metal constituents, but the ion yield distributions were not generally indicative of the particular chemical/valence constitution of the target material. For example, the yield of CeO+ relative to Ce+ was substantially greater from the trivalent cerium oxide, Ce2(WO4)3(s), than from tetravalent CeO2(s). Observed ion distributions apparently reflected the chemical composition of the ablation plume and the degree of gas-phase recombination therein. The observed abundances of polyatomic ions were found to correlate well with their estimated bond strengths. Further obscuring the chemical composition of the progenitor, minor changes in ablation, and sampling parameters—especially irradiance and sampling delay—were often manifested as significant variations in relative ion intensities.

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Section: Lanthanide Oxides and Oxalatesmentioning

confidence: 50%

Section: Lanthanide Oxides and Oxalatesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Excimer laser ablation mass spectrometry of inorganic solids: Chemical, matrix, and sampling effects on polyatomic ion yields

Gibson

1995

Journal of Vacuum Science &Amp; Technology A: Vacuum, Surfaces, and Films

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“…Researchers are currently investigating both instrumental and wetchemical analytical methods. Instrumental approaches, such as laser microprobe mass spectrometry (LAMMS) (16) or extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) and related X-ray absorption near-edge structure (XANES) spectroscopies (17), focus on characteristics of atoms, less often molecules, while examining very small areas of the sample to the depth of only a few micrometers. This limitation can cause problems during calibration and speciation as minute amounts of airborne dust often are not distributed uniformly on collection filters.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemical speciation of nickel in airborne dusts: analytical method and results of an interlaboratory test program

Zatka¹,

Warner²,

Maskery³

1992

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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“…In the recombination model, particles properly correlated in time, space, and velocity associate in the gas phase to give the most stable species. It is also reported that both ion formation pathways may occur simultaneously; for example in a LA-MS study of Co(NO 3 [11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18]. Finally, dissociative processes may also take place as a result of excess of internal energy from the desorption event, or collision with neutrals [19].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Laser ablation mass spectrometry of inorganic transition metal compounds. Additional knowledge for the understanding of ion formation

Aubriet

Müller

2008

J. Am. Soc. Mass Spectrom.

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Laser ablation of transition-metal oxides have been investigated to better understand the formation processes of inorganic cluster ions. The study of binary oxide mixtures and the relative distribution of the ions produced suggest three salient mechanisms that occur after laser/matter interaction, that function to produce the observed ensemble of ionic species. Molecular recombination reactions, unimolecular dissociation processes, emission of small neutrals, including molecular oxygen from transition-metal oxide samples, or from species expelled in gas phase appear to be a significant mechanism, especially under high laser irradiance conditions. These processes are used to propose a set of pathways to rationalize the envelope of ionic clusters formed under photon bombardment. T he study of ion formation processes by mass spectrometry during inorganic compound laser ablation is not yet fully understood. However, several models have been proposed to describe and explain the laser ablation of inorganic compounds [1][2][3][4][5][6][7]. The interaction of a laser beam with a non-metallic solid induces different processes, leading to ejection of neutral and ionized species into the gas phase. Haglund proposed a qualitative description of these processes [7], which begins with the assumption that laser sputtering could be decomposed into four phases: (1) the absorption of laser energy by one or multiple-photon processes; (2) the conversion of the incident energy through radiative and non-radiative relaxation processes; (3) the ejection of species-atoms, molecules, neutrals, ions, excited species-from the irradiated surface; and (4) the formation and the expansion of a more or less dense plume of neutrals and ions. Two lasermatter interaction regimes have to be considered: the laser desorption (LD) and the laser ablation (LA). It is generally reported that LD results in emission of ions, atoms, and molecules without any substantial disturbance in the surrounding surface. LA implies a largescale disruption of surface and near-surface geometrical and electronic structure. These substantial qualitative differences allowed Haglung to identify desorption with a microscopic, and ablation with a mesoscopic view point. LD and LA have to be viewed as the extremes of a continuum, which ranges from the emission of isolated neutrals or ions in the case of LD to the massive removal of material resulting from the collective effects of multiple photons irradiating the same spatial locale in the case of LA. The phenomenology of LA is thought of in terms of formation of a plume of ejected species, which follows the laws of plasma and gas dynamics, and produces a large number of ionized species. Collisions of ions with neutrals occurring in the gas-phase plume after LA lead to ion-molecule condensation reactions. On the other hand, ions and neutrals possess a significant amount of energy, which can result in dissociation reactions. The length scale associated with laser ablation is on the order of d Х laser ϫv s , where laser is the dur...

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Cluster ion formation under laser bombardment. Studies of recombination using isotope labeling

Cited by 28 publications

References 24 publications

Excimer laser ablation mass spectrometry of inorganic solids: Chemical, matrix, and sampling effects on polyatomic ion yields

Excimer laser ablation mass spectrometry of inorganic solids: Chemical, matrix, and sampling effects on polyatomic ion yields

Chemical speciation of nickel in airborne dusts: analytical method and results of an interlaboratory test program

Laser ablation mass spectrometry of inorganic transition metal compounds. Additional knowledge for the understanding of ion formation

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