Cluster–galaxy weak lensing

Umetsu, Keiichi

doi:10.1007/s00159-020-00129-w

Cited by 99 publications

(64 citation statements)

References 363 publications

(878 reference statements)

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“…This endorses the positive curvature of the early Universe with a confidence level greater than 99% (Aghanim et al, 2020;Di Valentino, Melchiorri and Silk, 2020). Besides, the gravitational lensing by substructures of several galaxy clusters is an order of magnitude more than the ΛCDM estimation (Meneghetti et al, 2020;Umetsu, 2020). This evidence endorses a spatially curved Universe in spite of the spacetime flatness of the local/present Universe.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 51%

Extended General Relativity for a Curved Universe

Al-Fadhli¹

2021

Preprint

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The recent Planck Legacy release revealed the presence of an enhanced lensing amplitude in the cosmic microwave background (CMB). Notably, this amplitude is higher than that estimated by the lambda cold dark matter model (ΛCDM), which endorses the positive curvature of the early Universe with a confidence level greater than 99%. Although General Relativity (GR) performs accurately in the local/present Universe where spacetime is almost flat, its lost boundary term, incompatibility with quantum mechanics and the necessity of dark matter and dark energy might indicate its incompleteness. By utilising the Einstein–Hilbert action, this study presents extended field equations considering the pre-existing/background curvature and the boundary contribution. The extended field equations consist of Einstein field equations with a conformal transformation feature in addition to the boundary term, which could remove singularities from the theory and facilitate its quantisation. The extended equations have been utilised to derive the evolution of the Universe with reference to the scale factor of the early Universe and its radius of curvature.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 51%

Extended General Relativity for a Curved Universe

Al-Fadhli¹

2021

Preprint

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“…This endorses a closed and positively curved early universe with a confidence level more than 99% (Aghanim et al, 2020;Di Valentino, Melchiorri and Silk, 2020). Besides, the observed gravitational lensing by substructures of several galaxy clusters is an order of magnitude more than that estimated by ΛCDM (Meneghetti et al, 2020;Umetsu, 2020). Furthermore, the well-known 120 orders of magnitude discrepancy between the estimated vacuum energy density by ΛCDM for a flat accelerated expanding universe and the energy cutoff calculations of the vacuum energy density by the quantum field theory (QFT) (Rugh and Zinkernagel, 2000).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 62%

Early Universe Plasma Separation and the Creation of a Dual Universe

Mb¹

2020

Preprint

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The Planck Legacy recent release revealed a closed and positively curved early universe with a confidence level greater than 99%. In this study, the Friedmann–Lemaîtree–Robertson–Walker (FLRW) metric is enhanced to model early universe plasma, incorporating its reference curvature radius upon the emission of the cosmic microwave background (CMB) and the reference scale factor of the energy flux. The universe evolution from early plasma is modelled utilising quantised spacetime worldlines, where they revealed both positive and negative solutions implying that matter and antimatter in the plasma could be separated by electromagnetic fields and evolved in opposite directions as distinct sides of the universe, corroborating the CMB dipole anisotropy. The model indicates a nascent hyperbolic expansion is followed by a first phase of decelerating expansion during the first 10 Gyr, and then, a second phase of accelerating expansion. The model theoretically resolves the tension in Hubble parameter measurements, with a predicted density at the phase transition of 1.16. Further, it predicts a final time-reversal phase of rapid spatial contraction leading to a Big Crunch, signalling a cyclic universe. Simulations of the quantised spacetime continuum flux through its travel along the predicted worldlines demonstrated the fast-orbital speed of stars resulting from an external momentum exerted on galaxies via the spatial curvature through imaginary time dimension. These findings indicate that early universe plasma could be separated and evolved into distinct sides, collectively and geometrically influencing the universe evolution.

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“…This endorses the positive curvature of the early Universe with a confidence level greater than 99% [15,16]. Besides, the gravitational lensing by the substructures of several galaxy clusters is an order of magnitude more than estimated by the ΛCDM [17,18]. This evidence endorses a spatially curved Universe in spite of the spacetime flatness of the local/presentday Universe.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 66%

Extended General Relativity for a Conformally Curved Universe

Mb¹

2021

Preprint

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The recent Planck Legacy release confirmed the presence of an enhanced lensing amplitude in the cosmic microwave background (CMB) power spectra. Notably, this amplitude is higher than that estimated by the lambda cold dark matter model (ΛCDM), which endorses a positively curved early Universe with a confidence level greater than 99%. Although General Relativity (GR) performs accurately in the local/present Universe where spacetime is almost flat, its lost boundary term, incompatibility with Quantum Mechanics and the necessity of dark matter/energy could indicate its incompleteness. By utilising the Einstein–Hilbert action, this letter presents extended field equations by considering the pre-existing/background curvature and the boundary contribution. The extended field equations consist of Einstein field equations with a conformal transformation feature in addition to the boundary term, which can remove singularities, satisfy a conformal invariance theory and facilitate its quantisation.

show abstract

Cluster–galaxy weak lensing

Cited by 99 publications

References 363 publications

Extended General Relativity for a Curved Universe

Extended General Relativity for a Curved Universe

Early Universe Plasma Separation and the Creation of a Dual Universe

Extended General Relativity for a Conformally Curved Universe

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